This paper presents Rule based Urdu Stemmer. In this technique rules are applied to remove suffix and prefix from the inflected words. Urdu is well spoken language all over the world but less work has been done on Urdu stemming. Stemmer helps us to find the root of the inflected word. Various possibilities of inflected words like ںو (vao+noon-gunna), ے (badi-ye), ںای (choti-ye+alif+noon-gunna) ...

The presacral retroperitoneal approach for axial lumbar interbody fusion (presacral ALIF) is not widely reported, particularly with regard to the mid-term outcome. This prospective study describes the clinical outcomes, complications and rates of fusion at a follow-up of two years for 26 patients who underwent this minimally invasive technique along with further stabilisation using pedicle scre...

Introduction. The use of locking plate technology for anterior lumbar spinal fusion has increased stability of the vertebral fusion mass over traditional nonconstrained screw and plate systems. This case report outlines a complication due to the use of this construct. Case. A patient with a history of L2 corpectomy and anterior spinal fusion presented with discitis at the L4/5 level and underwe...

INTRODUCTION Interbody fusion requires a structural member to carry load while the autograft or osteoinductive agent stimulates bone formation. In the present study, we evaluated the potential use of extracted nucleated cells from bone marrow mixed in hyaluronic acid gel as an osteoinductive agent, in comparison to Collagraft loaded with nucleated cells or rhBMP-2 in the porous tantalum ring, i...

BACKGROUND Both the map3 Cellular Allogeneic Bone Graft® and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2, Infuse®) were developed to provide an alternative to iliac crest autograft, thus eliminating the morbidity associated with its harvest. The recent literature concerning adverse events associated with the use of rhBMP-2, however, highlights the need for a safe and effective alter...

Abstract Aim Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion is a procedure growing in popularity for conditions including degenerative disc disease, and discogenic back pain. Obesity significant risk factor the development of pain, with patients raised BMIs at increased complications using posterior approach. This review aims to evaluate profile this patient cohort anterior approach lumbar interbody fusion. ...

BACKGROUND Previous reports of lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) have described significant complications. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigational device exemption (IDE) study of the Charité artificial disc represents the first level I data comparison of TDR to fusion. METHODS In the prospective, randomized, multicenter IDE study, patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio, w...

Interbody fusion techniques have been promoted as an adjunct to lumbar fusion procedures in an effort to enhance fusion rates and potentially improve clinical outcome. The medical evidence continues to suggest that interbody techniques are associated with higher fusion rates compared with posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis who demonstrate preopera...

Study Design Retrospective comparative cohort. Objective Pseudarthrosis following fusion for degenerative lumbar spine pathologies remains a substantial problem. Current data shows that patients who develop a pseudarthrosis have suboptimal outcomes. This study evaluates if treatment of pseudarthrosis can be affected by surgical approach. Methods Medical records of 63 female and 65 male patients...