During growth on ethanolamine, Salmonella enterica synthesizes a multimolecular structure that mimics the carboxysome used by some photosynthetic bacteria to fix CO(2). In S. enterica, this carboxysome-like structure (hereafter referred to as the ethanolamine metabolosome) is thought to contain the enzymatic machinery needed to metabolize ethanolamine into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Analys...

OBJECTIVE Adoption of effective treatments for recurrent binge-eating disorders depends on the balance of costs and benefits. Using data from a recent randomized controlled trial, we conducted an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of a cognitive-behavioral therapy guided self-help intervention (CBT-GSH) to treat recurrent binge eating compared to treatment as usual (TAU). METHOD Pa...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the protective effect of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) on acute alcohol-induced liver oxidative injury in mice. 5-HMF, a maillard reaction product, was isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis for animal experiments. Experimental ICR mice were pretreated with different doses of 5-HMF (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) for seven days by gavage feeding. Bioc...

this study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline (ptx) against aflatoxin b1 (afb1) exposure in perfused rat livers by evaluating damage marker enzymes, antioxidant defense systems (glutathione, gsh) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, mda). sixteen rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups: control, ptx, afb1 and afb1 + p...

Objective(s): Ethanol withdrawal following chronic use, is an important challenge clinically. In this study, the effect of clavulanic acid was evaluated on the symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in rats. Materials and Methods: Alcohol dependence was induced by the gavage of ethanol (10% v/v, 2 g/kg), twice daily for 10 days. Clavulanic acid ...

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficient subjects are vulnerable to oxidative stress. quercetin, a flavonoids, has been employed as a potent oxygen-free radical scavenger in order to assess the protective effects of quercetin against h2o2-induced oxidative damage in g6pd-deficient and normal human erythrocytes. erythrocytes of g6pd-deficient (n = 10) and normal (n = 10) subjects were ...

After alcohol exposure through a standard Lieber and De Carli diet for 28 days, a severe atrophy in the rat uteirne horn was observed, accompanied by significant alterations in its epithelial cells. Microsomal pathway of acetaldehyde production was slightly increased. Hydroxyl radicals were detected in the cytosolic fraction, and this was attributed to participation of xanthine oxidoreductase. ...

This work was to examine the antioxidation in vitro and hepatoprotective effects of enzyme-extracted Oudemansiella radiata polysaccharides (En-OPS) on alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. The antioxidant activities were determined according to the scavenging effects of En-OPS on hydroxyl, superoxide, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and the level of reducing power. En-OPS sho...

Glutathione, Upsilon-Glu-Cys-Gly, is one of the most abundant small molecules in biosphere. Its main form is the reduced monomer (GSH), serving to detoxicate xenobiotics and heavy metals, reduce protein thiols, maintain cellular membranes and deactivate free radicals. Its oxidized dimer (GSSG) controls metal content of metallothionein. The results presented provided a quantitative and structura...

We characterized the functions of neutrophils in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection, with particular reference to glutathione (GSH). We examined the effects of GSH in improving the ability of neutrophils to control intracellular M. tb infection. Our findings indicate that increasing the intracellular levels of GSH with a liposomal formulation of GSH (L-GSH) resulted in red...