Implementation of air-gaps in the trench dielectric levels has been demonstrated as a potential effective solution to further reduction of the capacitance coupling in the Cu/low-k interconnects.[1-4] In this paper, the critical issue of mechanical stability in such air-gap interconnect structures during thermal processing and under chip packaging interaction (CPI) is investigated using 3D multi...

We evaluate the impact of an air gap and optimization of this air gap for the MP512 silicon detector array when operated in dosimetry mode for small photon field measurements in solid water. We present output factor measurements for 6MV and 10 MV photon beams with the square field sizes ranging from 0.5 to 10 cm2. The size of the air gap above the MP512 detector was changed from 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate the effect of crimping techniques in stapes surgery for otosclerosis patients measured by hearing outcomes on pure-tone audiometry. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. METHODS A systematic search was conducted. Studies comparing the effect of different crimping methods on pure-tone audiometric results in patients undergoing stapes surgery...

INTRODUCTION Previous reports indicated that middle ear surgery might partially improve tinnitus after surgery. However, until now, no influencing factor has been determined for tinnitus outcome after middle ear surgery. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative air-bone gap and tinnitus outcome after tympanoplasty type I. METHODS Seventy-fi...

Introduction In electron beam therapy bolus is often used to conform as closely as possible to the target volume while avoiding critical structures in the depth. In most cases a flexible bolus can cover the skin without air gap. However, under certain conditions it is difficult –or even not possible– to avoid air gaps between bolus and patient without reducing treatment quality. In a special cl...

The three tuning forks generally used include : 256 Hz, 512 Hz, 1024 Hz. Most common being 512Hz. 512 because It has appropriate decay time, Less overtones and lies in speech frequency. Compressing the prongs with fingers produces around 70 dB sound and hitting against Knee or elbow 90dB. A prediction of air-bone gap can be made if tuning forks of 256, 512 and 1024 Hz are used. • Rinne test equ...