This article presents the "Summary of the 1991 Annual Reports of the Medicare Board of Trustees." The Board reports that the present financing schedule for the Hospital Insurance (HI) program is sufficient to ensure the payment of benefits over the next 14 years with trust fund exhaustion occurring in 2005 if the alternative II (intermediate) assumptions are realized. Although the HI Trust Fund...

This article, adapted from a summary of the 1983 Annual Reports of the Medicare Boards of Trustees, presents the present and projected future actuarial status of the Hospital Insurance (HI) and Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds following the enactment of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 and the Social Security Amendments of 1983. Although the Trustees charact...

The risk of natural disasters has increased over the last few decades, leading to significant economic losses across globe. In response, research related loss due continued develop. At present, insurance remains best solution for funding such losses. purpose this study is analyse development as an alternative sustainable recovery after disasters. data used are articles obtained from several sou...

In 2003, the Mexican government took a step toward greater parity in its health system. The stubbornly fragmented health sector remains fragmented, but a new health insurance program to fund basic preventive and curative services was created to cover nearly half of the population which had previously been without effective insurance coverage. The “Seguro Popular,” (SP) the medical care componen...

This Economic Letter presents newly produced data on losses in the federal insurance program for credit union shares and on the rates at which federally insured credit unions (FICUs) failed. (Shares in credit unions are analogous to deposits in banks.) We compare these data to data for institutions insured by the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).We a...

South Korea is one of the world's most rapidly industrializing countries. Along with industrialization has come universal health insurance. Within the span of 12 years, South Korea went from private voluntary health insurance to government-mandated universal coverage. Since 1997, with the intervention of the International Monetary Fund, Korean national health insurance (NHI) has experienced def...

After a period of more than 15 years of political debate, the new Health Insurance Act (Zorgverzekeringswet) came into force by the first of January in 2006. HIA introduced a mandatory health insurance scheme covering all residents of the Netherlands and put an end to the old dividing line between the Sickness Fund Scheme, covering about 63 percent of the population, and private health insuranc...

Risk theory tells us if an insurer can effectively pool a large number of individuals to reduce the total risk, he then can provide the insurance by charging a premium close to the actuarially fair rate. There is, however, a common belief that the risk can be effectively pooled only when the random loss is independent, so that crop insurance markets cannot survive without government subsidy bec...