OBJECTIVE The World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement establishes minimum standards for intellectual property rights, including patent protection for pharmaceuticals; therefore, it may make it difficult for developing countries to gain access to medicines, especially those countries that are the least developed. This study aims to deter...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

A recent conference at the University of Hong Kong just prior to the December 2005 World Trade Organization (WTO) talks renewed attention on the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), in particular in relation to China. Here we provide an introduction to TRIPS, discuss compulsory licensing, and take two angles to view how TRIPS affects the supply and d...

because of its very dynamic nature and its close ties with global commerce, intellectual property law is one of the liveliest areas of law. the significant of this branch of law is manifested in the debate which is going on between developed and developing countries in terms of the scope of the protection of intellectual property rights. on the one hand, the developed country argue the stronger...

This paper studies the effect of strengthening intellectual property rights (IPRs) after the signing of the TRIPS on agricultural trade, for the period 1995-2011. It uses data of agricultural exports and a new yearly index of intellectual property (IP) protection, for 60 developed and developing countries. Also, the paper studies bilateral trade links and the intensive and extensive margins of ...

The 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) established minimum universal standards in all areas of intellectual property. It is intended to implement these standards globally through a WTO enforcement mechanism. The present article proposes a strategy for alleviating the potentially negative impact of TRIPS in Thailand in r...

Background Negotiations surrounding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade and investment agreement have recently concluded. Although trade and investment agreements, part of a broader shift to global economic integration, have been argued to be vital to improved economic growth, health, and general welfare, these agreements have increasingly come under scrutiny for their direct and indirect...

Abstract We study the role of strength Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due exogenous pressure resulting signing Trade-Related Aspects (TRIPS) agreement, public continues vary significantly between meta-analy...

A patent is the main design of Intellectual Property Rights employed in pharmaceutical industry. Claims patents India are imposed under Patents Act 1970. The goal authorization to inspire and progress industry associated modern technologies. property rights can help grow economy due their industrial applicability regard businesses within country as well exports. Indian industry, a distinctly un...

with the emergence of new legal regimes such as intellectual property rights, new complexities in the process of determination of applicable law are involved in private international law. the dilution of physical center of gravity for disputes related to intellectual property rights and the effects of utilitarianism in law with an emphasis on public interest has led to the adoption of new metho...