2 Protocol 5 2.1 Message Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Consumer Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3 Publisher Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4 Forwarder Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ...

An important issue in P2P networks is the existence of malicious nodes that decreases the performance of such networks. Reputation system in which nodes are ranked based on their behavior, is one of the proposed solutions to detect and isolate malicious (low ranked) nodes. Gossip Trust is an interesting previously proposed algorithm for reputation aggregation in P2P networks based on t...

Citation: Arnal A, Droit A, Elguero E, Ducasse H, Sánchez MI, Lefevre T, Misse D, Bédèrina M, Vittecoq M, Daoust S and Thomas F (2015) Activity level and aggregation behavior in the crustacean gammarid Gammarus insensibilis parasitized by the manipulative trematode Microphallus papillorobustus. Front. Ecol. Evol. 3:109. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00109 Activity level and aggregation behavior in the...

This paper presents a mathematical model for evaluating the impact of information aggregation on the performance of PNNIdriven ATM networks. The routing aggregation scheme, required for optimizing PNNI-driven networks, but not specified by the standards, affects both performances (e.g. call blocking rate and route length) and scalability (e.g. routing table size and routing decision complexity)...

Two types of Gemini surfactants containing a disulfide bond in the spacer, sodium dilauroyl cystine (SDLC) and sodium didecamino cystine (SDDC), were synthesized, and their surface properties and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were studied by means of surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence. During the tran...

The multifactorial nature of disease motivates the use of systems-level analyses to understand their pathology. We used a systems biology approach to study tau aggregation, one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease. A mathematical model was constructed to capture the current state of knowledge concerning tau's behavior and interactions in cells. The model was implemented in silico in ...

The alternating magnetic field was discovered to be capable of inducing the fibrous aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles. However, this anisotropic aggregation may be unfavorable for practical applications. Here, we reported that the adsorption of BSA (bovine serum albumin) on the surfaces of magnetic nanoparticles can effectively make the fibrous aggregation of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles turn into...

The collective behavior of wind farms in seven Independent System Operator (ISO) areas has been studied. The generation duration curves for each ISO show that there is no aggregated power for some fraction of time. Aggregation of wind turbines mitigates intermittency to some extent, but in each ISO there is considerable fraction of time when there is less than 5% capacity. The hourly wind power...

Aggregation of noisy observations involves a difficult tradeoff between observation quality, which can be increased by increasing the number of observations, and aggregation quality which decreases if the number of observations is too large. We clarify this behavior for a protypical system in which arbitrarily large numbers of observations exceeding the system capacity can be aggregated using l...

Abstraction is an essential technique in reasoning about complex systems involving a large number of variables and interconnections. Aggregation of dynamic systems is an abstraction technique whose application is easily observable in everyday life. The basic intuition behind aggregation of variables may be summarized as follows: if variables in a large dynamic system can be partitioned into sub...