The main reason for calving replacement heifers early is economics. Economic assessments (2) have demonstrated that heifer rearing cost increases $50.00 to $60.00 each month calving is delayed. In addition, older calving ages result in the need for more heifers for herd replacement. These classic concepts are presented in Table 1. Conceptually, as calving age is reduced there is a linear reduct...

We designed and tested a novel otolith viewing apparatus termed the otolith illumination device (OID) to ascertain if its use would result in a reduction of interpretation error as determined by increased precision of age estimates obtained from otoliths of walleye Sander vitreus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. Clarity of annuli on otolith sections viewed with the OID was generally gr...

We examined whether albumin-derived advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) downregulate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Significant reductions in NOS activity and cGMP levels in bovine aortic endothelial cells were observed when exposed to different concentrations of albumin-derived AGEs. Western and Northern blot analyses showed significant decreases at the prote...

The Goettingen minipig is a laboratory animal with increasing popularity in medical research. To get a genetically smaller minipig, a new breeding scheme with a focus on weight reduction has to be developed. Therefore, 19 505 body weight measurements of 3461 Goettingen minipigs were analysed with multiple trait models and random regression models (RRM) for the estimation of genetic parameters. ...

This study finds that the break-even point for child safety seat misuse reduction programs and vehicle and seat design improvements is dollars 121 a year per child seat in use, annual misuse reduction program cost is dollars 6, and Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) cost dollars 13 annually per seat in use (in 2004 dollars). To estimate societal injury cost savings we compared tow-a...

already existing high circulatory levels of cortisol and the Circadian rhythm of cortisol production. The final paper presents a useful plot of cortisol against ACTH in plasma in the normal state and in syndromes involving pituitary-adrenal pathology. Good bibliographies accompany the papers and the editors have provided a glossary of abbreviations and formulas for pharmaceutical brand names oc...

Today, the Specialist in Otorhinolaryngology often has to perform surgery requiring an endocranial approach, as, for instance, in the case of neoplastic or inflammatory disorders, or even in malformations. These specialists should, therefore, not forget one of the most important Chapters in the History of Medicine and Ethnology: that related to the evolution of craniotomy over thousands of year...