Copal is the Spanish word used to describe aromatic resins from several genera of plants. Mexican copal derives from several Bursera spp., Protium copal, some Pinus spp. (e.g., P. pseudostrobus) and a few Fabaceae spp. It has been used for centuries as incense for religious ceremonies, as a food preservative, and as a treatment for several illnesses. The aim of this review is to analyze the che...

Records of double-flowered Silene dioica date from the late sixteenth century and four named varieties are grown today, as previously, for their horticultural interest. Although double-flowered mutants have been characterized in several plants, their study in dioecious species is of particular interest due to influences of the homeotic mutation on the different floral whorl configurations in ma...

Abstract Learning in sensorimotor adaptation tasks has been viewed as an implicit learning phenomenon. The process affords recalibration of existing motor skills so that the system can adjust to changes body or environment without relearning from scratch. However, recent findings suggest is heavily constrained, calling into question its utility and theoretical framework paradigms. These inferen...

After the publication in 1904 of Lebesgue’s Leçons, many mathematicians had idea obtaining a simpler and more natural theory integration, sometimes for technical or philosophical purpose, sometime didactical purpose. Among them Borel, Riesz, Young, Hahn, Pierpoint, Radon, Fréchet, Daniell Italy Tonelli, Vitali, Caccioppoli dealt with this fundamental tool. In paper, their theories are exposed c...