aflatoxins are carcinogenic metabolites produced by several strains of aspergillus flavus group in food and feed. cluster genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway contain structural, regular and unassigned genes , nor-1 , ver-1 , and omt-1 are structural genes that coding for key enzymes and aflr is a regulatory gene that plays a key role in the production of aflatoxin and is affecting on the st...

Cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) inhibits aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic fungi without affecting fungal growth. The mode of action of cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) in inhibiting aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus was investigated. A glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the fungus, designated AfGST, was identified as a binding protein of cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro) in an experiment performed using cyclo(l-Ala-l-Pro)...

Oral infection with Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis causes periodontitis that is manifested by the destruction of gingival connective tissues. Although a few types of antibiotics are effective against the infection, its use induces the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria. The present study shows that the fermented product of Aspergillus (A.) oryzae S-03, cultivated on the fat-removed soybean, i...