in the economic literature, firm entry and exit are considered as two basic concepts and the time interval between them, known as life duration, is almost a neglected subject in iranian economy. accordingly, this study tries to investigate the life duration of new firms in food and beverage industry as one of the most manufacturing industries in iran during 1996-2005. factors affecting the life...

in this paper, the cox proportional hazard model is used to answer several questions. in general, fourteen variables are applied in four groups: firm, industry, expenditure human resources specific characteristics as well. according to the previous literature in this field, the findings of this paper also show that the factors which affect life duration of firms are different between industries...

Tax avoidance adalah cara menghemat pajak yang dilakukan secara legal oleh suatu perusahaan dengan membuat perencanaan dan keputusan memanfaatkan sisi kelemahan peraturan perpajakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh advertising, capital expenditure, Pendidikan CEO CFO terhadap tax avoidance. pada sektor perbankan terdaftar di BEI tahun 2017-2020. Jumlah sampel digunakan dalam ...

Digital advertising is now a commonplace feature of political communication in the United States. Previous research has documented key innovations associated with digital and its consequences for campaigns elections. However, comprehensive picture spending on remains elusive because challenges accessing analyzing data. We address this challenge unique dataset (N=3,639,166) derived from over 13 ...

The extant literature showed that the relationship between advertising and performance of small medium enterprises (SMEs) is widely researched. However, there a paucity on effect different facets advertising, as well moderators SMEs. Also, research this nature in context emerging economies like Nigeria. Therefore, current intends to fill gap investigate four (4) (traditional cost, quality, inte...

We document a basic characteristic of adverse selection in secondhand markets for durable goods: goods with higher observed quality may have more adverse selection and hence lower unobserved quality. We provide a simple theoretical model to demonstrate this result, which is a consequence of the interaction of sorting between drivers over observed quality and adverse selection over unobserved qu...

The issue of a total ban on alcohol advertising has been on the policy agenda for some time, and has again recently been rekindled by an article published in the South African Medical Journal (SAMJ).1 It found that the damage caused by alcohol misuse equalled up to 10% of South Africa’s GDP in 2009.2 These findings provide some support for the Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill th...

We document a basic characteristic of adverse selection in secondhand markets for durable goods: goods with higher observed quality may have more adverse selection and hence lower unobserved quality. We provide a simple theoretical model to demonstrate this result, which is a consequence of the interaction of sorting over observed quality between drivers with different quality valuations and ad...