This article provides an overview of solution-based methods for the controllable synthesis of metal oxides and their applications for electrochemical energy storage. Typical solution synthesis strategies are summarized and the detailed chemical reactions are elaborated for several common nanostructured transition metal oxides and their composites. The merits and demerits of these synthesis meth...

Local electrochemical phenomena on the surfaces of the LaAlO(3)-SrTiO(3) heterostructure are explored using unipolar and bipolar dynamic electrochemical strain microscopy (D-ESM). The D-ESM suggests the presence of at least two distinct electrochemical processes, including fast reversible low-voltage process and slow high-voltage process. The latter process is associated with static surface def...

*Correspondence: Tadeusz Hryniewicz and Krzysztof Rokosz, Division of Surface Electrochemistry, Koszalin University of Technology, Raclawicka 15-17, Koszalin PL 75-620, Poland e-mail: tadeusz.hryniewicz@ tu.koszalin.pl; [email protected] The research work has been concerned on the studies and development of electrochemical polishing in the magnetic field magnetoelectropolishing (MEP) in com...

Article history: Received: 27.10.2014. Received in revised form: 11.12.2014. Accepted: 12.12.2014. Electrochemical machining (ECM), is an advanced manufacturing technique capable of machining hard composite materials with good tolerance. However, the huge investment and operating costs make the ECM process uneconomical. This work is hence intended to develop cost-tolerance relationship for ECM ...

In the present study, five modeling approaches of RA, MLP, MNN, GFF, and CANFIS were applied so as to estimate the radial overcut values in electrochemical drilling process. For these models, four input variables, namely electrolyte concentration, voltage, initial machining gap, and tool feed rate, were selected. The developed models were evaluated in terms of their prediction capability with m...

This paper presents an individually addressable 32x32 microelectrode array (MEA) system with built-in CMOS potentiostat for analyzing single droplets and ultra-small volume samples. The proposed system has advantages of smaller sample requirement, higher density, small form factor, low power and higher sensitivity and advanced functionality over the conventional electrode array. Each electrode ...

Abstract Given the challenges associated to process discovery task, more than a hundred research studies addressed problem over past two decades. Despite richness of proposals, many state-of-the-art automated techniques, especially oldest ones, struggle systematically discover accurate and simple models. In general, when behavior recorded in input event log is (e.g., exhibiting little paralleli...

CONTENTS SUMMARY 1. WHAT IS ADVANCED CONTROL? 2. PROCESS MODELS 2.1. Mechanistic Models 2.2. Black Box Models 2.3. Qualitative Models 2.4. Statistical Models 3. MODEL BASED (MODERN) AUTOMATIC CONTROL 3.1. PID Control 3.2. Predictive Constrained Control 3.3. Multivariable Control 3.4. Robust Control and the Internal Model Principle 3.5. Globally Linearising Control 4. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTR...