Adrenal lesions are commonly observed during 18F-FDG PET/CT studies. Although, most of these lesions are considered benign, an important consideration in oncologic patients is metastasis. Benign lesions, such as adenomas usually present with low 18F-FDG uptake, although overlap with malignant lesions exist and clear SUV cut-off for distinguishing adrenal adenomas has not b...

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that functions as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. It FDA-approved immunotherapy used to treat various malignancies. With its wide use in cancer therapy, there are many known side effects. common cause of endocrinopathies such thyroid disease and adrenal insufficiency (AI). AI has been most commonly reported during active treatment cycles with pembrolizumab...

Knowledge of the conditions under which the endocrine glands become active or manifest increased activity is important for several reasons. Such knowledge is valuable as an extension of our acquaintance with a realm of physiology which is still largely unexplored. It permits correlated studies of other bodily processes which vary under the same conditions. And it gives a basis for inquiry into ...

The rdw rat is a hereditary hypothyroid strain isolated from Wistar-Imamichi rats. In the present study, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to restraint stress (120 min) were examined in rdw adult male rats. ACTH response to restraint stress was higher in rdw rats than in hetero control rats. The plasma concentrations of corticosterone were lower in rdw rats than in...

BACKGROUND When vitamin C intake is from foods, fasting plasma concentrations do not exceed 80 micromol/L. We postulated that such tight control permits a paracrine function of vitamin C. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether paracrine secretion of vitamin C from the adrenal glands occurs. DESIGN During diagnostic evaluation of 26 patients with hyperaldosteronism, we ...

OBJECTIVE Some patients with hyperandrogenemia had no identifiable cause, which was named as idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (IHA). The role of the adrenal glands in these patients was investigated. DESIGN Clinical study in patients with IHA at the Endocrinology Department of a University Hospital. PATIENT(S) In this study, 26 pre-menopausal women with IHA and 20 healthy women were included. B...

conclusions in this study we showed that eft, measured by echocardiography is higher in subjects with ai when compared to healthy controls. epicardial fat thickness had the best independent correlation with ai in multiple logistic regression analysis. incidentaloma is also associated with increased left ventricular mass index and cimt. adrenal incidentaloma patients may show early cardiac chang...

Armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) is a cytosolic protein with no enzymatic activities. Little is known about its function and mechanisms of action, except that gene mutations are associated with risks of primary macronodular adrenal gland hyperplasia. Here we map Armc5 expression by in situ hybridization, and generate Armc5 knockout mice, which are small in body size. Armc5 knockout mice ha...

The unusual orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily DAX-1 (NR0B1) owes its name to its double role in human pathology. On one side, duplications in Xp21, containing the DAX-1 gene, cause phenotypic sex reversal in XY individuals. On the other side, DAX-1 gene mutations are responsible for adrenal hypoplasia congenita, invariably associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. D...

The adrenal glands are involved in the production and secretion of hormones and control different metabolic pathways. Impairments in the adrenal glands (above the kidneys) thus have a significant impact on bodily functions. Hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, adrenocortical deficiency and phaeochromocytoma are typical for this type of disease. Medical students should be familiar especially wi...