OBJECTIVES Adhesion of resin composites to dentin is currently believed to result from impregnation of adhesive resin into superficially demineralized dentin. The purpose of this study was to use micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the extent of resin penetration into etched dentin with single-step adhesive systems. METHODS Adhesive systems used were...

Various kinds of graph transformations and Petri net transformation systems are examples of M -adhesive transformation systems based on M -adhesive categories, generalizing weak adhesive HLR categories. For typed attributed graph transformation systems, the tool environment AGG allows the modeling, the simulation and the analysis of graph transformations. A corresponding tool for Petri net tran...

Adhesion is a way of life in echinoderms. Indeed, all the species belonging to this phylum use adhesive secretions extensively for various vital functions. According to the species or to the developmental stage considered, different adhesive systems may be recognized. (1) The tube feet or podia are organs involved in attachment to the substratum, locomotion, feeding or burrowing. Their temporar...

OBJECTIVES This in vitro study determined the effect of enamel pretreatment with phosphoric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the bond strength of strong, intermediary strong, and mild self-etching adhesive systems. METHODS Ninety sound human premolars were used. Resin composite cylinders were bonded to flat ground enamel surfaces using three self-etching adhesive systems: st...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of operator variability on microleakage with different adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 180 standardized Class V cavities were prepared on facial and lingual of 90 extracted human premolar teeth and randomly assigned to five groups according to the adhesive systems used (n = 36): Prime and Bond NT (PB), Single ...

Rewriting systems over adhesive categories have been recently introduced as a general framework which encompasses several rewriting-based computational formalisms, including various modelling frameworks for concurrent and distributed systems. Here we begin the development of a truly concurrent semantics for adhesive rewriting systems by defining the fundamental notion of process, well-known fro...

Adhesion is the procedure of forming an adhesive joint. The initial substrate is termed adherend and the material producing the interface is termed the adhesive [1]. The functions of dental adhesives is to promote conservation of tooth structure and enable minimally invasive dentistry, reinforcement of weakened dentin or enamel, reduce marginal staining, reduce microleakag and may also reduce p...

The goal of this paper is the generalization of parallelism and concurrency results for adhesive High-Level Replacement (HLR) systems to adhesive HLR systems with negative application conditions. These conditions restrict the application of a rule by expressing that a specific structure should not be present before or after applying the rule to a certain context. Such a condition influences thu...

Adhesive high-level replacement (HLR) systems are introduced as a new categorical framework for graph transformation in the double pushout (DPO) approach, which combines the well-known concept of HLR systems with the new concept of adhesive categories introduced by Lack and Sobociński. In this paper we show that most of the HLR properties, which had been introduced to generalize some basic resu...