Activation of cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) is widely reported to facilitate synaptic transmission. Here, we examined the presynaptic loci of PKA action using isolated nerve terminals (synaptosoms). The adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator, forskolin, failed to have any effect on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate release, when added alone. However, in the presence of the alkylxanthine, IBMX, for...

Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (cHA gel) and dexamethasone (Dex) have been used to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice owing to their chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. The aim of the present study was to compare the treatment effects of the cHA gel pre-mixed with/without Dex in a surgery-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. Anterior cruciate ...

We report here the characterization of Cha, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family. The basic region of Cha shares DNA-interacting amino acids with members of class C bHLH transcription factors. In addition, the HLH region of Cha presents a Myc-type dimerization domain signature required for heterodimer formation between members of this class. Cha protein and mRNA we...

This paper presents a language, CHA, and semantics for studying Statecharts-like drawings. CHA is a process algebra. CHA terms are interpreted as programs that extend Mealy-style nite automata with concurrent execution and hierarchical structure. Transitions in CHA can cross hierarchy boundaries, and it is this fact that makes giving a semantics to CHA (and to Statecharts) an interesting proble...

Lonicera japonica Thunb, rich in chlorogenic acid (CHA), is used for viral upper respiratory tract infection treatment caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, ect in China. It was reported that CHA reduced serum hepatitis B virus level and death rate of influenza virus-infected mice. However, the underlying mechanisms of CHA against the influenza A virus...

The N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA)-induced hypothermia in Syrian hamsters was characterized as follows: intracerebroventricular injection of CHA-induced hypothermia and the potency was increased by lowering the ambient temperature. CHA microinjection into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) elicited the most marked body temperature (T(b)) decrease compared with other regions such as the preoptic are...

We have previously shown that complement factor 5a (C5a) plays a role in the pathogenesis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats by using the selective, orally active C5a antagonist AcF-[OP(d-Cha)WR]. This study tested the efficacy and potency of a new C5a antagonist, hydrocinnamate (HC)-[OP(d-Cha)WR], which has limited intestinal lumenal metabolism, in this model...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of dental implant in bone reconstructions with interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite (IP-CHA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The IP-CHA cylinders (D; 4.3 mm, H; 10.0 mm) were placed into bone sockets in each side of the femurs of four male dogs. The IP-CHA on the right side was a 24-week sample. Twelve weeks after placeme...