Background Budgetary constraints with annual growth rates that peaked at 20% fuelled by the upcoming economic crisis demanded a change in the pricing model for pharmaceuticals in the Republic of Macedonia. Several neighbouring countries were faced with similar challenges, so the Republic of Macedonia carefully looked into their policies and thus introduced external reference pricing in 2011, wh...

Reverse addressing is an interesting realization of kinship terms in interactive, face to face communication. This descriptive study was proposed to examine the use of family address pronouns in Iran as a function of the classical sociological parameters of age, sex, and social distance. It investigated various aspects of reverse addressing as a vernacular phenomenon. Data were reported from th...

Simulation using address reference traces is one of the primary methods for the performance evaluation of the memory hierarchy of computer systems. In this paper we survey the techniques used in such a simulation. In both the uniprocessor and shared-memory multiprocessor cases, the issues can be divided into trace collection, trace storage, and trace usage. Trace collection can employ several h...

This paper examines switch reference (SR) in A’ingae, an understudied isolate language from Amazonian Ecuador. We present a theoretically informed survey of SR, identifying three distinct uses reference: clause chaining, adverbial clauses, and so-called ‘bridging’ linkage. describe the syntactic semantic properties each use detail, first such description for showing that constructions differ im...