Divergent natural selection regimes can contribute to adaptive population divergence, but can be sensitive to human-mediated environmental change. Nutrient loading of aquatic ecosystems, for example, might modify selection pressures by altering the abundance and distribution of resources and the prevalence and infectivity of parasites. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to test for interactive...

Aimed at the problems of low control accuracy and weak robustness influenced by external disturbance, friction, load changes, modeling errors and other issues in ammunition auto-loading robot control system, a new robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller based on fuzzy compensation is proposed. The control architecture employs fuzzy systems to compensate adaptively for plant uncertainties ...

In this paper, we introduce variable coding rate (VCR) control to OFDM adaptive modulation scheme (OFDM AMS) in order to realize high throughput with relatively simple transceiver configurations in a dynamic parameter controlled-orthogonal frequency and time division multiple access (DPC-OF/TDMA). In the proposed system, multilevel transmit power control (MTPC) is not employed to simplify hardw...

In this paper, a comb-type pilot arrangement method for OFDM channel estimation is investigated. Increasing the number of comb-type pilots, transmitted over a frequency selective radio channel, can decrease the data throughput while increasing the accuracy of the channel estimation. Using the LMS channel estimation and linear interpolation, we investigate the effects of number of pilots, as wel...

We consider two non-iterative algorithms of adaptive power loading for multicarrier modulation (MCM) system, The first one minimizes the average power of the system transmitter and ensures the preset average bit-error rate, while the second reduces the average transmitting power subject to the given values of demanded bit-error rate and of the outage probability. The algorithms may be used for ...

We analyze spectral efficiency of a dynamic time division duplex system in a fixed wireless cellular network. Conventionally, spectral efficiency has been analyzed under static and fully-loaded conditions. In this paper, we investigate how asymmetric and dynamic traffic affects spectral efficiency of TDD systems. Recently, dynamic TDD (D-TDD) has gained much attention as an efficient duplex sch...

one of the significant strategies of the power systems is economic dispatch (ed) problem, which is defined as the optimal generation of power units to produce energy at the lowest cost by fulfilling the demand within several limits. the undeniable impacts of ramp rate limits, valve loading, prohibited operating zone, spinning reserve and multi-fuel option on the economic dispatch of practical p...

Mechanical loading is the primary functional determinant of bone mass and architecture, and osteocytes play a key role in translating mechanical signals into (re)modelling responses. Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, Wnt signalling pathway components, and the anti-osteogenic canonical Wnt inhibitor Sost/sclerostin in particular, play an important role in regulating bone's adaptive...

High-resolution in vivo bone micro-architecture assessment, as possible now for the distal forearm, in combination with bone remodelling simulation algorithms could, eventually, predict patient-specific bone morphology changes. To simulate load-adaptive bone remodelling, however, physiological loading conditions must be defined. In this paper we test a previously developed algorithm to estimate...

The diagonal loading method is a simple and efficient method to improve the robustness of beamformers. However, how to determine the ideal diagonal loading level has not been adequately addressed. In this paper, it is observed in the simulation that the peak of the main beam is moved with the diagonal loading level when there exists a Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation error. Based on the ob...