BACKGROUND Renal injury is a serious complication after cardiac surgery and therefore, early detection and much more prediction of postoperative kidney injury is desirable. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury and may increase after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, time correlation of NGAL expression and severity of renal injur...

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by a Chinese herb containing aristolochic acid. Excessive death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) characterized the acute phase of AAN. Therapies for acute AAN were limited, such as steroids and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). It was interesting that, in acut...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin is the first-line antibiotic for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative strains. The risk of vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury increases with plasma vancomycin levels. Vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury is histologically characterized by acute interstitial nephritis and/or acute tubular necrosis. However, only 12 biopsy-proven cases of ...

objective(s):acute kidney injury (aki), a syndrome characterized by decreased glomerular filtration, occurs in every 1 of 5 hospitalized patients.  renal ischemia-reperfusion, one of the main causes of aki, is of particular importance in the setting of kidney transplantation. materials and methods: sixty male rats were divided into four groups including control, nephrectomy, sham surgery and re...

This brief overview sketches current evidence of imbalance between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), role of oxidant stress, and generation of peroxynitrite in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic renal injury. The development of endothelial cell dysfunction at early stages of experimental acute renal ischemia is the focus of the review, with ...

Prior to 2002, the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) varied as there was no standard definition. To better understand its incidence and etiology and to develop treatment and prevention strategies, while moving research forward, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative workgroup developed the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) classification. After continued data sug...

Warfarin is a well-established cause of gross hematuria. However, impaired kidney function does not occur except in the rare instance of severe blood loss or clot formation that obstructs the urinary tract. It has been recently described an entity called warfarin-related nephropathy, in which acute kidney injury is caused by glomerular hemorrhage and renal tubular obstruction by red blood cell ...

H1N1 infection and acute kidney injury in the critically ill Sir, Acute renal failure due to viral infections rarely occurs. We assessed the development of acute kidney injury in critically compromised patients due to H1N1 influenza virus. All patients with PCR-confirmed diagnosis of H1N1 infection between May and July 2009 were retrospectively studied. Thereafter, the risk factors associated w...

H1N1 infection and acute kidney injury in the critically ill Sir, Acute renal failure due to viral infections rarely occurs. We assessed the development of acute kidney injury in critically compromised patients due to H1N1 influenza virus. All patients with PCR-confirmed diagnosis of H1N1 infection between May and July 2009 were retrospectively studied. Thereafter, the risk factors associated w...