No matter in which clinical field you will be working in the future, you will be confronted with cases of acute renal failure. In this acute emergency illness, various pathomechanisms come together and lead to a principally reversible decrease in renal function, often involving disbalances of water and electrolytes. The different types of acute renal failure have to be understood well in order ...

acute renal failure (arf) following cardiac surgery occurs in 1 to 10% of patients. patients who develop arf have higher rates of mortality. this study was undertaken to estimate the role of perioperative variables in predicting of post cardiac surgery arf. we studied a cohort of 398 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our institution from february 2004 to february 2006. adult patie...

255 Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is a common and a potentially devastating disorder with a higher prevalence in the intensive care units. ARF occurs in 10 to 15% of critically ill patients with a mortality of 78 to 90%.1 The estimates can differ due to the lack of consensus on the definition of ARF itself. They can prove conservative in the face of the aging population with increased comorbidities...

introduction percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) is a standard, safe, and efficient method for removing large renal calculi. despite development of endourologic equipment, complications of the pcnl are still prevalent. even though therapeutic modalities such as mini-micro pcnl have been developed in recent years, the complications are a serious concern yet. the most important complication is he...

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (ARF) IN hospitalized patients may be associated with low, normal, or excess extracellular volume, depending on the cause of the ARF, accompanying conditions (eg, heart failure, liver disease), and patterns of administration of crystalloids and colloids. Diuretic agents are frequently given to augment renal salt and water excretion in the setting of extracellular volume over...

Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), known as intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is increasingly being recognized as an important predictor of adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. The prevalence of IAH has recently been estimated at between 32 and 65% in both medical and surgical intensive care units [1,2]. High grade IAH may result in abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), where in...

Twenty-six cases (4.8%) from a total of 540 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of diverse aetiology had ARF in association with falciparum malaria. Their ages ranged from 15 to 85 years (mean 31.2). Urinary sediment abnormalities and proteinuria (less than 1 g/24 h) were observed in 15 (57.7%) cases. The probable underlying factors leading to ARF were: volume depletion 17 (65.3%), intravas...

A 51-year-old woman with adenomyosis was admitted because of anemia with schistocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure (ARF). Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was considered. Plasma exchange and steroid therapies improved laboratory results. However, renal biopsy specimen revealed acute tubular necrosis (ATN), but not TMA, and thrombocytopenia, diagnosed it as disseminated intravasc...

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a condition that may occurs in susceptible postoperative patients. The incidence of ARF reaches 30?60% and it more after major surgery (e.g., laparotomy, heart surgery). It often caused by hypovolemia, hypoperfusion, systemic inflammation. Laparotomy complex operation can lead to complications including ARF, acute pulmonary edema, sepsis, increased morbidity mortali...

The evaluation of acute renal failure (ARF) by the newly developed classification for ARF (RIFLE, standing for ‘risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease’) [1] in patients with sepsis has not yet been performed. We evaluated, retrospectively, the incidence of ARF and its risk factors, therapy, and outcome among patients with sepsis admitted to the Infectious Diseases Intensive Care ...