Ritonavir diminishes methadone plasma concentrations, an effect attributed to CYP3A induction, but the actual mechanisms are unknown. We determined short-term (2-day) and steady-state (2-week) ritonavir effects on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4/5 (probed with intravenous (IV) and oral alfentanil (ALF) and with miosis) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (fexofenadine), and on methadone pharmacokinetics an...

This article is concerned with reflection principles in the context of Cantor’s conception of the set theoretic universe. We argue that within a Cantorian conception of the set theoretic universe reflection principles can be formulated that confer intrinsic plausibility to strong

We provide a class of counter-examples to existence in a simple moral hazard problem in which the first-order approach is valid. These examples involve utility functions such as ln(w) in which utility diverges to negative infinity at a finite wealth level. In contrast to the Mirrlees example, unbounded likelihood ratios are not needed, and no sequence of contract can approach the full informati...

We show how quantum mechanics can be understood as a space-time theory provided that its spatial continuum is modelled by a variable real number (qrumber) continuum. Such a continuum can be constructed using only standard Hilbert space entities. The geometry of atoms and subatomic objects differs from that of classical objects. The systems that are non-local when measured in the classical space...