Traumatic brain injury (TBI) selectively damages white matter. White matter damage does not produce deficits in many behavioral tests used to analyze experimental TBI. Rats were impaired on an active place avoidance task following inactivation of one hippocampal injection of tetrodotoxin. The need for both hippocampi suggests that acquisition of the active place avoidance task may require inter...

materials and methods thirty-two adult male wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: normal, diabetic, normal + extract of c. mukul and diabetic + extract of c. mukul groups with free access to regular rat diet. diabetes was induced in male rats by single interaperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg stz. after the confirmation of diabetes, 300 mg/kg c. mukul extract was orally administered...

background and purpose: two important clinical education methods are problem-based and student-centered. however, education of “clinical decision-making skills” and “application of clinical knowledge” is important. usually training these cases is done in small groups . in this study, new method of scientific textbooks with four factors mentioned above has been implemented in large education gro...

background: the involvement of water-soluble carotenoids, crocins, as the main and active components of crocus sativus l. extract in learning and memory processes has been proposed. in the present study, the effect of crocins on sporadic alzheimer's disease induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) streptozocin (stz) in male rats was investigated. methods: male adult wistar rats (n = 90 and...