Each cell has receptors on the surface that specifically bind to solutes (ligands) produced during tissue damage or infection. This review aimed describe role of PRR in human body's defense system. The binding ligand its receptor results activation intracellular signaling pathways and activation. B T lymphocytes adaptive immune system have developed (that is, T-cell receptor, TCR, B-cell BCR) a...

in this study, the recycling possibility of residual oil fly ash (rofa) towards preparing activated carbon and its application in environmental remediation through adsorbing cu (ii) and pb (ii) ions from aqueous solutions were investigated. activated carbons were prepared using two different physical activation methods such as under steam flow at 950 0c, and combined steam and co2 flow at 850 0...

T-cells are part of our adaptive immune system and responsible for recognition antigens in bodies. T-cell activation is triggered upon binding receptor (TCR) to major histocompatibility complex loaded with antigenic peptide (pMHC) which presented on the surface antigen presenting cells (APC). According kinetic segregation model activation, topography plays a large role process. In this study we...

in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (bbb) represent key events. the integrity of the bbb is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ecs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. however, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. in general, it has bee...

cannabinoids induce diverse responses on anxiolytic–like behaviors. moreover some studies postulated that there is a close relationship between this system and serotonergic system upon cognitive process formation. thus the aim of present study is investigation the possible role of 5-ht 1 receptor on anxiolytic–like behaviors induced by acpa in the elevated plus maze task (epm). in the present s...

introduction: we previously shown that microinjection of glutamate into the hdb of rat elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. microinjection of ap5 (an nmda receptor antagonist, 2.5 mm, 50 nl) and cnqx (an ampa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl) caused no significant changes in the blood pressure and heart rate. microinjection of bicuculline (bmi: a gabaa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl)...

The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in the control of tissue homeostasis, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and organ size, regulated by cell-cell contact, apical cell polarity, mechanical signals. Miss-regulation this can lead to cancer. acts through inhibition transcriptional coactivators YAP TAZ phosphorylation. Among various signaling mechanisms c...

systemic lupus erythemathosus is an autoimmune disease that affected many various types of tissues in 10% of world population and over 30 genes has associated with it. nouroimmunoendocrynology concepts have shown that immune system could be affected by neuron system and vice versa, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor a (5ht3ra) was studied as a main receptor in these relations. in this study, peripher...