Acrylamide, a potential carcinogen and neurotoxin, could be formed during the heat processing of carbohydrate-rich foods under high temperatures. Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids is the main pathway to form acrylamide. All of the types of reducing sugars and amino acids as well as the addition of vitamins may influence the formation of acrylamide. To explore the influen...

Relatively high amounts of acrylamide have recently been reported in carbohydrate-rich foods under low moisture conditions. This sparked intensive investigations into acrylamide, encompassing its occurrence, chemistry, and toxicology/potential health risk in the human diet. Robust and efficient analytical methods have been developed to obtain reliable quantitative data. Recent epidemiological s...

Twenty varieties of field-grown potato were stored for 2 months and 6 months at 8 °C. Mean acrylamide contents in crisps prepared from all varieties at both storage times ranged from 131 μg/kg in Verdi to 5360 μg/kg in Pentland Dell. In contrast to previous studies, the longer storage period did not affect acrylamide formation significantly for most varieties, the exceptions being Innovator, wh...

Acrylamide is an aliphatic amide, which is produced by industrial processes and during heating of food. It is neurotoxic and a suspected carcinogen. In the present study an attempt was made to isolate acrylamide degrading bacteria from soil. The optimum growth conditions and physiological characteristics for the isolated acrylamide degrading bacteria were investigated. The isolated bacterium wa...

Isotopic labeling of cysteine residues with acrylamide was previously utilized for relative quantitation of proteins by MALDI-TOF. Here, we explored and compared the application of deuterated and (13)C isotopes of acrylamide for quantitative proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS and high-resolution FTICR mass spectrometry. The method was applied to human serum samples that were immunodepleted of ab...

Acrylamide (CH2=CH-CONH2), an industrially produced alpha,beta-unsaturated (conjugated) reactive molecule, is used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide has found numerous applications as a soil conditioner, in wastewater treatment, in the cosmetic, paper, and textile industries, and in the laboratory as a solid support for the separation of proteins by electrophoresis. Because...

Acrylamide, a potential food carcinogen in humans, is biotransformed to the epoxide glycidamide in vivo. Both acrylamide and glycidamide are conjugated with glutathione, possibly via glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and bind covalently to proteins and nucleic acids. We investigated acrylamide toxicokinetics in 16 healthy volunteers in a four-period change-over trial and evaluated the respectiv...

The direct interactive effects of rosemary and acrylamide on the development of motor neurons in the spinal cord remains unknown. Our goal is to confirm the protective effects of rosemary against motor neuronal degeneration induced by acrylamide in the developing postnatal rat spinal cord using a postnatal rat model. We assigned the offspring of treated female rats into control, rosemary; acryl...

Acrylamide, used in the manufacture of polyacrylamide and grouting agents, is produced during the cooking of foods. Workplace exposure to acrylamide can occur through the dermal and inhalation routes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the metabolism of acrylamide in humans following oral administration, to compare hemoglobin adduct formation on oral and dermal administration, to mea...

Acrylamide structurally resembles vinyl carbamate, a proposed proximate carcinogenic form of ethyl carbamate. To test the hypothesis that acrylamide should possess carcinogenic properties, it was tested in the Salmonella-microsome assay for point mutation, as a skin tumor initiator in the Sencar mouse, and for its ability to induce lung adenomas in the A/J mouse. Acrylamide was found to be with...