We recently reported that Wuzhi tablet (WZ; Schisandra sphenanthera extract) can inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp)–mediated efflux and CYP3Amediated metabolism of tacrolimus (FK506) and thus increase the blood concentrations of FK506. Major active lignans of WZ include schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisantherin A. Whether and how these six lignans a...

This paper aims to describe different approaches for studying the overall diet with advantages and limitations. Studies of the overall diet have emerged because the relationship between dietary intake and health is very complex with all kinds of interactions. These cannot be captured well by studying single dietary components. Three main approaches to study the overall diet can be distinguished...

Membrane transporters P-glycoprotein [P-gp; multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)], multidrug resistance–associated protein (MRP) 2, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) affect drug absorption and disposition and can also mediate drug-drug interactions leading to safety/toxicity concerns in the clinic. Challenges arise with interpreting cell-based transporter assays when substrates or inhibitors...

A fundamental aspect of human intelligence is the ability to represent and reason relations. Examples of relational thinking include our ability to appreciate analogies between diVerent objects or events (Gentner, 1983; Holyoak & Thagard, 1995); our ability to apply abstract rules in novel situations (e.g., Smith, Langston, & Nisbett, 1992); our ability to understand and learn language (e.g., K...

Many amyloid inhibitors resemble molecules that form chemical aggregates, which are known to inhibit many proteins. Eight known chemical aggregators inhibited amyloid formation of the yeast and mouse prion proteins Sup35 and recMoPrP in a manner characteristic of colloidal inhibition. Similarly, three known anti-amyloid molecules inhibited b-lactamase in a detergent-dependent manner, which sugg...

1997 Vitamin D is converted in the liver by a vitamin D-25-hydroxylase (25-OHase) to form the major circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. There have been at least four different 25-OHases identified both in mitochrondia and in microsomes. 25(OH)D is, however, biologically inert and requires hydroxylation in the kidneys on carbon 1 by the CYP27B mitrochondrial enzyme 25-h...

We have individually analyzed twelve black and seven yellow glasses from the K/T boundary section at Beloc, Haiti, plus three smectite mantles around black glasses. The main chemical differences between black and yellow glasses are higher S, Ca, Mg, Zn, As, Br, Sb, and Au, but lower K, Na, and Si abundances in the yellow glasses. We have found high-CaO yellow glasses with low S contents (0.08, ...

Yellow tea has been widely recognized for its health benefits. However, its effects and mechanism are largely unknown. The current study investigated the mechanism of dietary supplements of large yellow tea and its effects on metabolic syndrome and the hepatic steatosis in male db/db mice. Our data showed that dietary supplements of large yellow tea and water extract significantly reduced water...

The kinetic of photo oxidative decolorization of C.I. Acid yellow 23 (AY23) was investigated in UV/ process. The semi-logarithmic of the concentrations of AY23 versus irradiation time were linear, suggesting pseudo-first order reaction. A simple kinetic model is proposed which confirms pseudo- first order reaction. The results indicate that the apparent reaction rate constant is a function of l...