High-sucrose diet and metabolic acidosis have some similar effects on bone and they both reduce the formation of dentine. This series of experiments was conducted in order to get information about the effects of acidosis and alkalosis on dentine during primary dentinogenesis and also to ascertain if high-sucrose diet affects dentine formation via acidosis. Chronic metabolic acidosis (0.25 mol/L...

After studying this chapter you should be able to: b Define the normal range for plasma pH. c Explain the role of the kidney in the steady state elimination of acid produced daily by metabolism. d Outline the defence mechanisms which act to prevent an abrupt change in pH in response to an acid load. e Describe the mechanism for acid transport in the different nephron segments. f Recognize the c...

aintaining acid base balance presents a considerable challenge to the growing neonate. The infant ust ingest protein for growth and development. The metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids eads to the production of protons that must be secreted by the kidney. In addition, the formation of ydroxyapatite for the mineralization of growing bone also leads to acid production. Thus, the rowing in...

Background: Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders. However, some of the limitations on compensations are necessary to survival, in that preservation of oxygena...

OBJECTIVE To review the normal human acid-base physiology and the pathophysiology and management of acid-base disturbances in a two-part presentation. DATA SOURCES Articles and published peer-review abstracts and a review of studies reported from 1990 to 2000 and identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature on acid-base balance. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Acid-base disorder...

Because maintaining a normal body pH is essential to the efficient functioning of many physiologic processes, the body has a number of mechanisms that prevent pH fluctuations. Some of these prevent minute-to-minute pH fluctuations over the course of the day, whereas others maintain pH balance from day to day. The kidney plays a key role in both processes. The renal process of bicarbonate reclam...

In domestic animals, acid-base balance may be influenced by nutrition. The major research effort in this area has been made on the prevention of hypocalcemic postparturient paresis in dairy cows. This disorder is caused by the sudden increase of calcium secretion into the colostrum. The manipulation of the dietary cation-anion difference makes it possible to maintain the cows in metabolic acido...

Sir,—In the Correspondence section of the Journal (1972, 44, 233) Dr Marx mentioned that foetal acid-base values obtained from umbilical artery blood at Caesarean sections did not correlate with the condition of the newborn infant at birth. I should like to provide evidence that acid-base values of umbilical artery blood are not reliable at Caesarean sections under general anaesthesia. We measu...

Acid-base balance has been studied in 21 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A low plasma bicarbonate concentration was found in nine patients, accompanied in each case by a base deficit of more than 3 mEq/litre, indicating a metabolic acidosis. Three patients had a low blood pH. Hyperlactataemia appeared to be a major cause of the acidosis. This was not accompanied by a raised...