BACKGROUND Although studies in neonatal animals show that anesthetics have neurotoxic effects, relevant human evidence is limited. We examined whether children who had surgery during infancy showed deficits in academic achievement. METHODS We attempted to contact parents of 577 children who, during infancy, had one of three operations typically performed in otherwise healthy children. We comp...

This study investigates gender differences in science achievement, self-concept of science ability, and subjective science values, based on TIMSS 1999 and 2003 database. The sample in the analyses presented including 5772 (TIMSS 1999) and 5739 (TIMSS 2003) Taiwanese eighth graders. All statistics showed that gender differences became smaller over time. However, the gender differences in the upp...

Exhibit 1.1 shows the distribution of student achievement for the participants in TIMSS 2007, including the average (mean) scale score with its 95 percent confidence interval and the ranges in performance for the middle half of the students (25th to 75th percentiles) as well as the extremes (5th and 95th percentiles). The first page of Exhibit 1.1 presents the distribution for the achievement f...

The main objective of this paper is to estimate and compare the return to investments in education for men belonging to different parts of the ability distribution. Our ability measure is the achievement test score from the Swedish Military Enlistment Battery. By exploring the measurement error in the test score, i.e. the deviation from the true latent ability level of the individual, we try to...

CONTEXT The effect of a variety of preadmission variables, including the number of elective preadmission upper-level science courses, on academic achievement is not well established. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between number of preadmission variables and overall student academic achievement in osteopathic medical school. METHODS Academic records of osteopathic medical student...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the results of quantitative and qualitative student evaluations of team-based learning (TBL) and student achievement evaluations during TBL. METHODS Questionnaires that evaluated medical student perception and self-assessment of the TBL experience included 38 questions on the TBL process. Also, we used scores from the TBL session to investigate stu...

In this paper, the use of fuzzy inference system in criterion-referenced assessment was investigated. The aim of criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) was to report student achievement with reference to their objective reference points. To ease the assessment as in common practice, scores were given to each item or task. In this paper, we focus on CRA that utilizes rubric. Rubric is an essentia...

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has compelled states to design school accountability systems based on annual student assessments. The effect of this Federal legislation on the distribution of student achievement is a highly controversial but centrally important question. This study presents evidence on whether NCLB has influenced student achievement based on an analysis of statelevel panel ...