although the history of iran is rife with conquerors and military campaign, but there were not any national and real army at all. in fact, the idea of a single unified army has no precedent in iranian history. ever in the timesthe achaemenid empire, the rulers had felt safer with separate units of armed forces. this mechanism allowed them to play on one group against another so  prevented any c...

Abstract The war between Assyria and Egypt resulted in the deportation of scholars from Nile Valley to Mesopotamia. Among them were so-called “snake charmers.” While it was a well-known profession Egypt, this not case or Babylonia, where treatment snakebites scorpion stings left exorcist doctors. A number clues late Neo-Assyrian Achaemenid Persian periods suggest that charmers” enjoyed success ...

Abstract After an overview of the multilingual epigraphy Daskyleion during Achaemenid period, this paper focuses on closing formula shared by Aramaic KAI 318 and Old Phrygian B-07 epitaphs, which consists a warning not to harm funerary monument. Comparison two inscriptions sheds light cryptic B-07, sole epitaph known. As result, provides new forms, like possible first-person singular umno=tan ,...

The Persian/Achaemenid Period in Anatolia continued for more than 200 years. This period had an impact many parts of Anatolia. However, the remains this vary regionally. Although archaeological findings help us understand period, Persian traces are still found researches carried out a limited number settlements Traces data better observed Western and its surroundings other regions. In light rec...