hydroalcoholic extract of pycnocycla spinosa is a relaxant of rat ileum and inhibits diarrhea in mice. as p. spinosa extract has spasmolytic activity on ileum, it could also affect other smooth muscles like bladder. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of p. spinosa extract on rat bladder contraction. in an in vitro study, the effects of p. spinosa extract, nifedipine an...

seeds of moringa peregrina (forssk.) fiori. (moringaceae) is widely used in south east of iran for gastrointestinal disorders. however, so far there is no pharmacological evidence for antispasmodic activity of this plant extract. therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate antispasmodic activity of m. peregrina on rat isolated ileum contraction. hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by...

M.R. VASKO, L.E. DOMINO and E.F. DOMINO, Differential effects of d-amphetamine on brain acetylcholine in young, adult and geriatric rats, European J. Pharmacol. 27 (1974) 145-147. Varying doses of d-amphetamine were given i.p. to young (28 day old), adult (approximately 90 day old), and geriatric rats (approximately 2 years old). 30 min after injection, rats were sacrificed and ACH extracted an...

acetylcholine (ACh) in prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays an important role in some domains of cognitive function such as attention (1,2), and sensory gating (3). Therefore, measurement of ACh in a living animal is important for the development of novel drugs, as well as investigation of brain function. Microdialysis has proven to be a useful sampling technique in the brain of awake freelymoving an...

1. Acetylcholine-induced currents of mushroom body Kenyon cells from the honey bee Apis mellifera were studied using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Pressure application of 1 mM acetylcholine (ACh) induced inward currents with amplitudes between -5 and -500 pA. 2. The cholinergic agonists ACh and carbamylcholine had almost equal potencies of current activation at conc...

Recent case-controlled clinical studies show that bronchioalveolar carcinomas (BAC) are correlated with smoking. Nicotine, the addictive component of cigarettes, accelerates cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In this study, we show that human BACs produce acetylcholine (ACh) and contain several cholinergic factors including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline...

Treatment with 100 mg/kg of Clitoria ternatea aqueous root extract (CTR), for 30 days in neonatal and young adult age groups of rat, significantly increased acetylcholine (ACh) content in their hippocampi as compared to age matched controls. Increase in ACh content in their hippocampus may be the neurochemical basis for their improved learning and memory.

The distribution of cholinesterase (Ch-esterase) in isolated myelinated fibers of the frog has been investigated. Quantitative microgasometric measurements have confirmed the previous histochemical observations. Both approaches indicate that in frog nerve fibers acetylcholinesterase (ACh-esterase) is the only or the predominant enzyme when selective inhibitors and different substrates are used:...

In radioligand binding studies, it has been reported that brucine, N-chloromethyl brucine, and brucine N-oxide increased the affinity of acetylcholine for M1, M3, and M4 muscarinic receptors, respectively, in a manner consistent with the predictions of the ternary complex allosteric model. We now demonstrate an equivalent ability of these three allosteric agents to modulate the actions of acety...

A novel, simple, and reproducible method for cultivating pathological tissues obtained from human eyes during surgery was developed using viscoelastic material as a tissue adherent to facilitate cell attachment and expansion and calcium imaging of cultured cells challenged by mechanical and acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation as well as inflammatory studies. Anterior lens capsule-lens epithelial ce...