Liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-enzyme which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA (acceptor) to form malonyl-CoA (carboxylated acceptor), decarboxylates malonyl-CoA by a biotin-dependent, as well as a biotin-independent mechanism. Neither ADP, Pi, nor divalent metal ion are required for either of these abortive decarboxylations. The biotin-dependent reaction is blocked...

Malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a crucial extender unit for the synthesis of mycolic and other fatty acids in mycobacteria, generated in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. We previously reported on the essentiality of accD6Mtb encoding the functional acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Strikingly, the homologous gene in the fast-growing, non-pathogenic Mycobac...

Extracts from human leukocytes have been examined for the enzymes of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. These extracts do not catalyze the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids because they lack acetyl CoA carboxylase, the first enzyme unique to the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Since these cells cannot form malonyl CoA, they are unable to synthesize long-chain fatty acids. This inability can be co...

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase I (ACCase I) in developing oilseed rape embryos is predominantly cystosolic, based upon measurement of its propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. Reduction of ACCase I by antisense expression reduces seed lipid content and affects carbohydrate metabolism.

The process leading to the rise of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in rat mammary tissue after the onset of lactation was investigated. The kinetics of change in enzyme activity and enzyme immunotitratable with antibody against avian liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase were determined during the course of lactogenic differentiation. The antibody inactivates and specifically precipitates acetyl-CoA car...

The carbohydrate-dependent long-term regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was studied in primary hepatocyte cultures from adult rats. (1) The enzyme activity was increased 2-fold either by elevation of the glucose concentration to 20mM or by enhancement of the insulin concentration to 0.1 microM. Simultaneous increases in glucose and insulin resulted in a 5-fold increase in the enzyme activity....

ATP:citrate lyase (ACL) catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and oxaloacetate and is a key enzyme for lipid accumulation in mammals and oleaginous yeasts and fungi. To investigate whether heterologous ACL genes can be targeted and imported into the plastids of plants, a gene encoding a fusion protein of the rat liver ACL with the transit peptide for the small subunit o...

The cellular content of acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2] in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reduced by the addition of long-chain fatty acids to the culture medium. Mutant strains of S. cerevisiae defective in acyl-CoA synthetase [acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.3] were isolated and used to determine whether fatty acid itself or a metabolit...

Labeling experiments with chicken liver cell monolayers and suspensions show that glucagon and N6, O2-dibutyryladenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) block fatty acid synthesis from acetate without appreciably affecting cholesterogenesis from acetate or acylglyceride synthesis from palmitate. Neither acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC...