introduction: it was often believed that countries with natural resource abundance would undergo the process of development with a more accelerated pace in comparison to other countries. the experimental results, however, demonstrate a higher rate of success for countries which lack the said resources. the paradoxical effects of the possession, or a lack there of, natural resources on different...

Abstract The countries in the Sahel, aside from being located same geopolitical region, also share similar socioeconomic and socio-political challenges. This includes political instability, insecurity, poor governance, climate change democratic erosion – among others. corrosion of gains recorded since spread democracy 1990s rise autocratic regimes has become prevalent last decade. subversion el...

After Timor-Leste restored independence in 2002, the new nation established a rigorous system to manage oil and gas revenues activities, based on international best practice. Policymakers hoped that it would protect small from ‘resource curse’ which afflicts countries depend exporting non-renewable wealth. Within five years, petroleum exports were financing 85% of state budget comprised 75% GDP...