نتایج جستجو برای: a posteriori necessity
تعداد نتایج: 13436197 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
یکی از پرسشهایی که امروزه برای فیلسوفان تحلیلی مطرح است پرسش از نسبت میان قضایای پیشین (a priori) و پسین (a posteriori) از یک سو و قضایای ضروری (necessary) و ممکن (contingent) از سوی دیگر است تا چندی پیش یک پاسخ نسبتا رایج به این پرسش آن بود که همه قضایای ضروری پیشین اند (و بالعکس) و همه قاضای ممکن پسین اند (و بالعکس) اما در اسلهای اخیر برخی از فیلسوفان معاصر از جمله سول کریپکی با این دیدگاه ...
We present an efficient method for the reduction of model equations in the linearized diffuse optical tomography (DOT) problem. We first implement the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator and Tikhonov regularization, which are based on applying preconditioners to linear perturbation equations. For model reduction, the precondition is split into two parts: the principal components are consid...
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Abstract The best and most popular argument for probabilism is the accuracy-dominance argument, which purports to show that alethic considerations alone support view an agent’s degrees of belief should always obey axioms probability. I argue extant versions face a problem. In order mathematics function as advertised, we must assume every omniscient credence classically consistent; there can be ...
A data assimilation technique is used with a simple but widely used marine ecosystem model to optimize poorly known model parameters. A thorough analysis of the a posteriori errors to be expected for the estimated parameters was carried out. The errors have been estimated by calculating the Hessian matrices for different problem formulations based on identical twin experiments. The error analys...
There is a criticism of the isomorphism-invariance criterion for logical terms that is expressed in several variations in the literature on logical terms. The criticism in most cases was aimed against the criterion of invariance under isomorphism, but it can be seen as applying to criteria of invariance under other transformations just as well. The gist of the objection is that invariance crite...
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