among the low–dimensional allotropes of carbon, nanotubes and graphene have attracted very much attention from nano–science and nanotechnology specialists. they have been proposed as building blocks in nanometer device engineering. however, these structures are not defect–free. in this thesis, we focused on defective carbon nanotubes and graphene, and studied the effect of couple of very common...

abstract nowadays, industries cannot play a crucial role in national and international competitions. the tourism industry is no exception. tourism industry development as the most important economic sector and income generation is one of the key challenges of economic development in the world. therefore, countries were successful that take advantage of the capabilities of tourism sector using ...

پنل های خورشییدی دارای مشیه ه جریان -ولتاژ غیر خطی بوده و تنها در یک نقطه کار خاص، حداکثر توان را تولید می کنند. این نقطه بهینه توان با تغییر دما و شیدت نور تغییر می کند. روش های مهتلفی برای ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان به صورت free model و based model معرفی شده است. این تحقیق روش جدیدی جهت بهبود عملکرد ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان پنل های خورشیدی جدا از شبکه ارائه می دهد و الگوریتم روش پیشینهادی از دو...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

the current study examined iranian undergraduate efl students’ willingness to communicate with regard to their vocabulary knowledge. in general, participants were somewhat willing to communicate in english. the total mean score of 730 university students’ perception of willing to communicate was 83.53 out of 135. results, regarding four parts of willingness to communicate, revealed that part...

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any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

اثر افزایش مقادیر کم از خاک رس (کلی) اصلاح شده (کلویزیت b??) و پلی ال بازیافتی روی تخریب گرمایی از پلی یورتان نرم، به وسیله تجزیه حرارتی دینامیک (غیرهم دما) در سه سرعت گرمادهی (0c min-1 ?? و?? ،?/?) در اتمسفر نیتروژن بررسی شده بود. روش های isoconversional (model – free) (شامل روش های فلاین، وال و ازاوا (fwo)، کیسینجر، آکاهیرا و سانوز(kas) و تانگ (tang)) و model – fitting (روش های کوتس و ردفر...

سینتیک تخریب حرارتی خانواده ای ازپلیمرهای گرما سخت (پلی آمیدها) با استفاده از تکنیک tga ، در سه سرعت گرمادهی (0c min-1 20 و15 ،5/7) در اتمسفر نیتروژن بررسی شده است. روش های isoconversional (model – free) )از قبیل روش های فلاین، وال و ازاوا (fwo)، کیسینجر، آکاهیرا و سانوز(kas) و تانگ (tang) (و model – fitting (روش کوتس و ردفرن ((cr)استفاده شده اند تا سه تایی سینتیکی یعنی انرژی فعالسازی، فاکتو...