increasing academic and professional language demands around the world are not a deniable fact. the purpose of this study was to investigate english language needs and communication needs of the chemistry students at master and ph.d. levels at the iranian universities. in this research, different methods were used including un-structured interview, structured interview, and two sets of question...

adolescents and young adults and their problems is an issue whose importance is obvious to anyone because youth are the founders of our countrys future and requires proper planning to be on leisure. given the importance of leisure,this study to investigate needs assessment and planning how adolescents and young adults spend their leisure time in urban of case study of high school girls and boys...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

در این پژوهش با هدف بهینه سازی جهت تکثیر انبوه پایه های رویشی سیب، مالینگ مرتون 106، مالینگ 9 و مالینگ 27، در شرایط اینویترو، اثرات چندین فاکتور در ترکیبات محیط کشت که در استقرار، پرآوری و ریشه دهی موثر هستند مطالعه شد. مراحل مختلف این تحقیق به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه کشت بافت گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان انجام گردید. در تمام مراحل از محیط کشت m...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...