Recall the global U(1) symmetry: Ψ→ e−ieΨ i.e. δΨ = −ieΨ. Let’s run the Noether argument: consider a slightly deformed, infinitesimal version of the symmetry transformation: Ψ→ Ψ + ρδΨ, where is just a small number to keep track of order, and ρ is some general function of x. The fact that we have a U(1) symmetry tells us the action must change under the deformed transformation by δS = ∫ dx J N∂...

OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS To examine the influence of gender of the baby on exclusive breastfeeding and incidence of postnatal depression (PND). We hypothesise that in a society with a male gender bias there may be more PND and less exclusive breastfeeding of the girl child. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING The study was conducted in an urban, tertiary hospital in Delhi. PARTICIPANTS Mot...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships of race, sex, adiposity, adipokines, and physical activity to telomere length in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN Leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) was assessed cross-sectionally in 667 adolescents (aged 14-18 years; 48% African-Americans; 51% girls) using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Generalized estimating equations analyses were perfor...

BACKGROUND The progress of technology in developed countries has changed lifestyles to sedentary and has increased non-communicable diseases. Identifying factors affecting patterns of physical activity among adolescents is valuable and it is important to change these pattern. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore teenage girls' experiences regarding the determinants of physical activity promo...

Abstract Background Cardiovascular fitness has been associated with both executive function and academic achievement in multiple cohort studies including children adolescents. However, research is scarce among from low- middle-income countries. Hence, this paper focuses on South African primary schoolchildren living marginalized areas examines if inhibitory control can be explained by children’...

Cartas científicas Nutr Hosp. 2009;24(6):751-762 We assessed weight management practices in 266 boys and 312 girls (mean age 15.6 ± 1.3 years) from two schools in Lisbon. Body image was assessed using the method of Stunkard and participants were classified as desiring to loose weight if the ideal image was thinner than the current. Other data collected included measured height and weight, curre...

OBJECTIVE Despite public health campaigns based on Fe and folic acid supplements, Fe-deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent among women in India. We investigated leaf concentrate as an alternative to Fe and folic acid supplements for treating anaemia in adolescent girls. DESIGN Randomised controlled two-arm trial over 3 months: one group received daily Fe and folic acid (IFA; 60 mg Fe, 5...

BACKGROUND The aims of the present study are to investigate whether there are differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between girls and boys in two different age groups, to study how much of children's variance in HRQoL can be explained by common psychosomatic health symptoms, and to examine whether the same set of psychosomatic symptoms can explain differences in HRQoL, both betw...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reduction in the vaccine preventable burden of cancer in men if boys are vaccinated along with girls against oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). DESIGN Bayesian evidence synthesis approach used to evaluate the impact of vaccination against HPV types 16 and 18 on the burden of anal, penile, and oropharyngeal carcinomas among heterosexual men and men who have sex with ...

Adolescents of Bangladesh today are facing significantly higher rates stressors with differing severity and frequency anxiety, depression, internalizing, externalizing problems to mention a few (cited in Mullick et al., 2019). Many them use cyberspace where their limited capacity for emotion regulation may put at the risk cyber aggression as well victimization. However, true dynamics relationsh...