BACKGROUND 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) poses serious health-risks to humans. The aims of this three-stage multidisciplinary project were, for the first time, to assess the risks to the general public from fraudulent sale of or adulteration/contamination with DNP; and to investigate motives, reasons and risk-management among DNP-user bodybuilders and avid exercisers. METHODS Using multiple search-...

.....................................................................ii DEDICATION....................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................vii LIST OF TABLES...............................................................ix CHAPTER 1: IN...

The ease of tolerance induction in B lymphocytes from fetal, neonatal, and adult mice was studied in vivo, in a cell transfer system, and in vitro. Three different tolerogens were used: ultracentrifuged BGG, DNP(6)-D-GL, and ultracentrifuged DNP(22)-BGG. Irradiated thymectomized mice were reconstituted with B cells from fetal or neonatal liver or adult spleen or bone marrow. The mice were injec...

BACKGROUND Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) is the newest member of the natriuretic peptide family and is a circulating peptide in humans. The effects of DNP on the human vasculature are unknown. Since other natriuretic peptides are known to cause vasorelaxation, we determined the response to DNP on human blood vessels in vitro. We also investigated the mechanism of DNP mediated vasorelaxa...

The chemical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was an effective and widely used weight loss drug in the early 1930s. However, the physiology of DNP has not been studied in detail because toxicity, including hyperthermia and death, reduced interest in the clinical use of chemical uncouplers. To investigate DNP action, mice fed a high fat diet and housed at 30 °C (to minimize facultative thermoge...

Numerous dinitrophenyl amino acid preparations injected intradermally induced contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene, delayed type skin reactions to DNP-amino acids, and anti-DNP antibodies in guinea pigs. Some DNP-amino adds induced precipitating anti-DNP antibodies in rabbits as well. Some of the DNP-ammo acids studied were regularly immunogenic, possible immunogenic impurities havi...

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree is gaining interest within the nursing profession but not without debate. A review of the literature regarding the DNP demonstrates that the debate focuses on academic, clinical, and professional practice issues of nursing. The multiple points of debate as well as the positive and negative perspectives leads one to question whether an author’s degree ...

The ability of guinea pigs to recognize poly-I,-lysine (PLL), and hapten conjugates of PLL (H-PLL) as antigens is under the control of a single autosomal dominant gene which we will refer to as the PLL gene (1-3). Responder animals carrying this gene form specific antihapten antibodies and display delayed hypersensitivity reactions after immunization with H-PLL conjugates such as 2,4-dinitrophe...

Internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) peptide substrates originating from FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) are powerful tool for examining the activity and specificity of proteases, and a variety of donor/acceptor pairs are extensively used to design individual substrates and combinatorial libraries. We developed a highly sensitive and adaptable donor/acceptor pair that can be used to i...

A study of the passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to DNP-poly-L-lysine and to DNP-GL was performed in Hartley guinea pigs. Delayed hypersensitivity to DNP-PLL and DNP-GL could be transferred successfully only by means of sensitized cells from genetic responder guinea pigs and in most cases, only into those guinea pigs genetically capable of responding to PLL. The inability to transfer...