The accurate estimation of urban extreme precipitation is essential for design and risk management, which hard developing countries, due to the fast urbanization sparse rain gauges. Satellite products (SPPs) have emerged as a promising solution. Not only near real-time SPPs can provide critical information decision making, but post-processed also offer climate change adaption, management strate...

Knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is of key importance for planning a wide range of socio-economic activities such as agriculture, livestock grazing, energy generation, etc. The availability of accurate and consistent precipitation data is then paramount for the proper assessment of such activities. However, traditional rain gauge measurements are relatively sc...

The dynamical simulation of the latest version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) is examined, including the seasonal variation of its mean state and its interannual variability. An ensemble of integrations forced with observed monthly varying sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations is compared to coexisting observations. The most significant differences from the previous vers...

iran has a complex topography and it consists of rugged, mountainous rims surrounding high interior basins. because of this condition, in some cases the nwp output has a significant error from mesoscale variations induced by the diverse topography.  iran, covering an area of about 1,648,000 km2, is located in the southwest of asia approximately between 25° and 40° n and 44° and 64° e. this is p...