amino b-lactam antibiotic. As with other ampicillin prodrugs such as pivampicillin and talampicillin, bacampicillin was developed almost 30 years ago under the hypothesis that the addition of a lipophilic moiety to the hydrophilic ampicillin molecule would improve intestinal absorption of the parent drug. It has been reported that ampicillin exhibits 33—54% bioavailability after oral administra...

lic fraction, is a major member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family along with xanthine oxidase. AO plays an important role in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous Nheterocyclic compounds as well as aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. A typical endogenous substrate for AO is retinal, which is transformed to biologically active retinoic acid. In contrast to an electrophilic attack by microso...

taxis in immune responses and is believed to play a key role in several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. In man, CXCR2 is expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages and binds several chemokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL1 (GROa), and CXCL5 (ENA78). Similarly in mice, a receptor homologous to human IL-8 (CXC chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]) receptor, or mouse CXCR2 (mCXCR2) i...

mals, and they have various physiological roles. D-Aspartate is present in the central nervous system and various neuroendocrine cells, which include a subset of satellite and basket cells in the cerebellum, adrenal chromaffin cells, pituitary gland cells, Leydig cells and pinealocytes. D-Aspartate is believed to modulate neuroendocrine functions in either an intercellular or intracellular mann...

cells, proteins, and small molecules from the alveolar space of the lower respiratory tract since the first report of Reynolds and Newball over three decades ago. The analysis of these components is of wide diagnostic and investigative value. In bronchoalveolar lavage, sterile saline is administered into the bronchoalveolar space and aspirated by syringe. Because recovery of the components in b...

Total respiratory resistance (RT) was measured before and after nebulised alpha-adrenergic stimulant therapy in 8 children aged 4 to 18 months who had the clinical symptoms of acute viral croup. In 7 children there was a mean fall in RT of 30% after treatment, associated with an improvement in their clinical condition. This improvement was shortlived, the resistance returning to pretreatment le...

of about 170 kDa that belongs to the superfamily of ATPbinding cassette (ABC) transporters. P-gp is extensively expressed in tumor cells, liver, intestinal brush border membranes, kidney, brain, and adrenal glands. It can actively pump drugs out of cells, thus reducing the oral bioavailability of a wide range of drugs such as digoxin, vinca alkaloids, and b-adrenergic agonists. It has been repo...

velopment and progression of cerebroand cardiovascular disorders. The pathogenesis of hypertension is accompanied with the increased oxygen free radical production, the decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vasculature and reactive oxygen species-mediated cardiovascular remodeling. Hypertensive patients show increased levels of plasma superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide. In...

Gordon Pask developed not only a Conversation Theory, but also a (less well-known) Interaction of Actors Theory, partly in response to demands during the time he worked in Amsterdam. The paper aims to clarify how this Theory intended to minimise the effcts of use on scientific results, while maximimising the help such results to improve on actions. This would facilitate empirical study of what ...