An extreme variation of the short arm of no. 21 chromosome in the mother of a 21/21 translocation mongol is described. The possible relation between the very long short arm of chromosome no. 21 in the mother and a centric fusion type of translocation mongolism in the offspring is discussed.

Elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which determine the expressed antibody repertoire remains a major challenge in immunology. Knowledge of V gene diversity, organization, and expression is important to an understanding of the formation of the antibody repertoire in normal as well as diseased states. In the last few years, great advances have been made in our understanding of t...

This paper describes the system deployed by the CLaC-EDLK team to the SemEval 2016, Complex Word Identification task. The goal of the task is to identify if a given word in a given context is simple or complex. Our system relies on linguistic features and cognitive complexity. We used several supervised models, however the Random Forest model outperformed the others. Overall our best configurat...

IL-21 has been shown to play an important role in the CD8 T cell response during acute and chronic viral infections. However, the role of IL-21 signaling in the CD4 T cell response to viral infection remains incompletely defined. In a model of infection with vaccinia virus, we show that intrinsic IL-21 signaling on CD4 T cells was critical for the formation of memory CD4 T cells in vivo. We fur...

Comparison of human sequences with the DNA of other mammals is an excellent means of identifying functional elements in the human genome. Here we describe the utility of high-density oligonucleotide arrays as a rapid approach for comparing human sequences with the DNA of multiple species whose sequences are not presently available. High-density arrays representing approximately 22.5 Mb of nonre...

The transition to digital in the TV broadcasting industry is already gradually being performed while the complete digital switchover seems now possible to be accomplished within the near future. This article describes and analyses this phenomenon and the role of MPEG-21 may play in it. MPEG-21 is the ISO/IEC standard currently under development in MPEG (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11). Unlike preceding...

The visual system adapts to its environment. Some adaptive changes are detrimental-perception is no longer veridical. Others are beneficial-the ability to discriminate two stimuli improves. The latter may reflect the visual system's ability to zoom-in on the currently relevant properties of the environment. We studied the neural basis of adaptive changes in the middle temporal area (MT) of maca...