The article examines the historiography and current state of research on Old Believers in Northwestern Belarus. Four basic stages are distinguished history studies region: second half 18th century – beginning 20th century; interwar period (1920–1930 years); Soviet (1950–1980 modern (1990–2000 years). characteristic these is given, methodology conducted analyzed, value published works this direc...

The study of diatoms has diversified strongly since its beginnings in the 18th century. Early work focused upon collecting material for taxonomic analysis but by the mid 19th century a strong global perspective had already developed. In the 20th century, use of diatoms in biostratigraphy, environmental change and ecology and in biogeography proliferated as did work on diatom ultra structures, l...

The article considers the problem of development metrical forms cycle folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph. Spiritual related to literary tradition are used as supplementary material. aim research is trace evolution metrics Joasaph in context history Russian versification. tasks formation a database texts, differentiation texts into thematic groups, selection method work, and analy...

Crisóstomo Martínez from Valencia was a pioneering microscopist in 17th-century Europe. The first microscopic representations of skin in Spain appeared in an 18th-century work by Martín Martínez. Microbiology and histopathology progressed considerably in the late 19th century thanks to anatomists like Maestre de San Juan and surgeons like Federico Rubio Galí. The first Spanish pathologist to sp...

Handwriting recognition requires a prior segmentation of text lines which is a challenging task, especially for historical scripts. Exemplary for the date in entries of historical church registers, we present an approach which enables a segmentation by using additional knowledge about the word sequence. The algorithm is based on probability distribution curves and a neural network, which assess...

Music is a g rea t zeal of t h e h u m a n spir i t . I t is a n i n s a t i a t e n e e d a n d a powerful ons l augh t t o w a r d perfect ion. I t revea ls spon taneous ly m o s t che r i shed t h o u g h t s a n d feelings. T h a t is why , t h e g rea t m a n of med ic ine a n d r e n o w n e d m u s i c i a n , Dr. Alber t Schwe i t ze r def ined : « Mus i c is a tool of t h e noble spir ...

The epidemiological concept of confounding has had a convoluted history. It was first expressed as an issue of group non-comparability, later as an uncontrolled fallacy, then as a controllable fallacy named confounding, and, more recently, as an issue of group non-comparability in the distribution of potential outcome types. This latest development synthesised the apparent disconnect between ph...

A musical Proust effect refers to a situation in which music transports us back whole-bodily felt experience from our past. This article traces concepts of this effect, here heuristically called “musical madeleines”, the history science since 18th century and shows how both its explanations evaluations have changed over decades relation contemporary medical, psychological knowledge. The his...

The name of the classical medicinal plant, mountain arnica (Arnica montana), was well known among Estonians at the end of the 19th century, although mountain arnica itself does not grow in Estonia. The folklore collection of the Estonian Folklore Archives indicates that the name was used to denote locally growing plants. The impulse for such renaming of local plants obviously came from popular ...