We demonstrated a variable extrathoracic tracheal stenosis which developed after technically adequate tracheostomy and was worsened by changes in body position. When the patient's arms were above his head, minimal airway diameter was reduced 31 percent, and maximal inspiratory flow rate 37 percent below values measured with arms down, but expiratory flow rates were preserved. Tracheostomy may d...

In one study volunteers consumed the equivalent of at least a six-pack of beer a day, along with high protein diets enriched in minerals and vitamins. After one "weekend" of drinking, fat accumulation in the liver was already detectable by chemical analysis. In another study, baboons were given an adequate diet, but had alcohol as 50 percent of their total calories. All developed fatty liver. I...

y 2030, the U.S. population of persons who are older than 65 years is expected to double to more than 60 million.1 Sixty-five percent of Americans 60 years and older have hypertension, but only 27 percent of these persons have adequate blood pressure control.2 Furthermore, persons who are normotensive at age 55 have a 90 percent lifetime risk for developing hypertension.3 This and the presence ...

From 1995 to 1998, more than 90 percent of mid-range IPOs were charged underwriter fees, or spreads, of exactly seven percent, even though evidence suggests that economies of scale in the size of the offering should allow for lower fees. Chen and Ritter (2000) offer collusion as a possible explanation based on empirical analysis and observation. Alternatively, we investigate whether the spreads...

The aims of this investigation were to determine whether stabilization of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) occurs between 15 and 18 years of age in subjects with a normal occlusion, and to assess the influence of gender, body mass index (BMI), morphological occlusion, and jaw function measured by the number of occlusal contacts, overjet, overbite, maximal mouth opening, mandibular deflection...

Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) is a sac-like evagination of the mucosa and submucosa through Killian triangle, an area muscle weakness between transverse fibers cricopharyngeal oblique inferior constrictor muscle. The reported prevalence ZD 0.01 0.11 percent. triangle more frequent in men than women (60 versus 34 percent). definitive treatment symptomatic surgical. must be individualized for each c...

In 2002, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) issued a report entitled A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges. Data on the magnitude of college drinking problems in 1998 to 1999 were reported. From 1999 to 2005, the proportion of college students aged 18-24 who drank five or more drinks on a single occasion in the past month increased from ...

Background:Globally, smoking is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. It is also an important social determinant of health and the largest contributor to health inequalities. While several prevalence studies are conducted on special groups such as physicians, less such studies have been focused on deprived areas (areas with lacking adequate food, shelter, education, etc). The aim o...

Controversy has continued regarding the practicality and accuracy of the Parkland burn formula since its introduction over 35 years ago. The best guide for adequacy of resuscitation is urine output (UOP) per hour. A retrospective study of patients resuscitated with the Parkland formula was conducted to determine the accuracy (calculated vs. actual volume) based on UOP. A review of burn resuscit...

To test the hypothesis that the clinical presentation and outcomes are different when pulmonary embolism occurs in younger (age 18 to 40 years) as compared to older (age greater than 40 years) adults, 40 younger patients were compared with older patients. No risk factors could be identified in 28 percent of the younger group. Normal physical examinations were more common (58 vs 28 percent, p = ...