The motivation for this research arises from recent interest in actuators made from \smart mate-rials" such as shape memory alloys and piezoceram-ics. One common characteristic among these new materials is that they exhibit complex hysteresis non-linearities. The input-output nature of the Preisach model of hysteresis results in a simple model for which identiication strategies are known, and i...

L s he role of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in the athogenesis of hypertension took an interesting turn a few ears ago when several clinical trials claimed a higher revalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in patients hought to have primary or essential hypertension, particuarly those with resistant hypertension (1). A few clinical rials demonstrated that, on the basis of these data, t...

There is a wide variety of dental alloys, ranging from nearly pure gold and conventional gold-based alloys to alloys based on silver, palladium, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, tin, and other metals (Table 1). The types of dental alloys have increased significantly since 1980s in order to change the market price of gold and palladium. Although gold alloys are the mate‐ rials of choice in this a...

Roads are land transportation facilities that very important in facilitating economic relations activities, both between one city and another. Good road conditions will facilitate the movement of people relationships other social activities. Meanwhile, if there is damage, it not only hinder but accidents can occur. Many factors cause including weather, weather on surface when rains, scorching h...

Let p be a prime congruent to 1 modulo 4, and let t, u be rational integers such that (t + u √ p )/2 is the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field Q(√p ). The Ankeny-Artin-Chowla conjecture (AAC conjecture) asserts that p will not divide u. This is equivalent to the assertion that p will not divide B(p−1)/2, where Bn denotes the nth Bernoulli number. Although first published in 1952, this...