In the present study, seed surface ornamentations in 31 species (34 populations) and the capsule surface sculpturing in five species of the genus Scrophularia L. distributed in Iran were examined using Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Based on the published seed surface terminologies, all examined seeds show the reticulate pattern with scalariform inner ornamentations. However, there is enough b...

A new species of Primulaceae, Primula undulifolia, is described from the hilly area of Hunan province in south-central China. Its morphology and distributional range suggest that it is allied to P. kwangtungensis, both adapted to subtropical climate, having contiguous distribution and similar habitat, growing on shady and moist cliffs. Petioles, scapes and pedicels of them are densely covered w...

A new species, B ry m ela a n tio q u ia S.P. Churchill & J.J. Atwood, is described and illustrated from Colombia. The species superficially similar to B. p rk e r (Hook. Grev.) W.R. Buck - northern Amazonia, the Guianas Lesser Antilles in its weakly complanate habit straight, oblong-lanceolate leaves. differs having: longer leaves (3.6-4.0 versus 2.1-3.2 mm); long-acuminate obtuse acute le...

Although BALB/c mice develop lesions when infected with Leishmania mexicana, the mechanisms which are responsible for susceptibility to this parasite have not been elucidated. In contrast, susceptibility of BALB/c mice to Leishmania major has been shown to depend on the early production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) by T cells which react to the parasitic LACK antigen. Here, we demonstrate that the l...