conclusions preemptive clonidine has many marvelous advantages over midazolam, including better sedation inside the operating room and then in the post-operative care unit, lower fentanyl doses are required during surgery, more stable heart rate and blood pressure are observed during the procedure, and patients report lower post-operative pain scores. objectives to compare the effect of preempt...

background opium is a highly addictive agent and the most common narcotic often misused in iran. the pharmacokinetic of anesthetic drugs in patients with opium addiction is one of the great challenges for anesthesiologists. hemodynamic instability and postoperative side effects are of these challenges which should be managed correctly. objectives in this study we aimed to assess the effects of ...

BACKGROUND Clonidine is an alpha(2) adrenoreceptor and imidazoline receptor agonist, which has analgesic, sedative, and minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration-sparing effects. It has been used orally, IV, and epidurally. In spinal surgery, there is a reluctance to use local anesthetic-based epidural analgesia postoperatively because of fears of masking important signs of nerve root or spinal...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of provocative test by insulin combined with clonidine for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) during childhood. METHODS Eighty children underwent a provocative test with insulin(0.075U/Kg, intravenous) combined with clonidine (4μg/kg, orally). Among them, 40 children underwent clonidine provocative test, 40 children underwent insulin tolerance test (ITT...

Clonidine has been used off-label in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) with or without comorbidities. Clonidine extended-release was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for ADHD in children. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of clonidine extended-release and clonidine in children and adolescents with ADHD. A searc...

Hyperalgesia is normally an increase in the response to a painful stimulant. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a situation frequently encountered in algology clinics. Its treatment is complicated and problematic and often requires alternative methods. A 40-year-old male patient 45 kg weighing had been diagnosed with stage IV colon cancer 2.5 years ago. He had used non-steroid antiinflammator...

Laryngoscopy and intubation increases blood pressure and heart rate. The study aims to investigate the effect and safety of gabapentin, clonidine or esmolol on the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Fiftysix ASA I and II patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of the four groups. First study drug was administered orally as gabapentin 1200mg or clon...