The meaning of concepts and views defined over a database ontology can be considered as intensional objects which have a particular extension in a given possible world: for instance in the actual world. Thus, non invasive mapping between completely independent peer databases in a P2P systems can be naturally specified by the set of couples of views, which have the same meaning (intension), over...

The FOLtoCF system is an interactive web-based system for learning to convert first order logic (FOL) formulas into Clause Form (CF). FOL to CF conversion is a fundamental part of using FOL for making inferences. In this paper, we present two tutor assistant tools integrated with that system. The first, called tutoring manager, helps the tutor to manage the teaching material and monitor the pro...

Purpose: This article describes the preparation and characterization of folate conjugated nanoparticles using poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (PLGA-PEG-FOL) polymer for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Methods: PLGA-PEG-FOL was synthesized by coupling di-block copolymer (PLGA-PEG-NH2) with folic acid. PLGA-PEG-FOL polymer was characterized by 1H NMR, GPC and FTIR....

Tolerance representation models are used to specify tolerance types and explain semantics of tolerances for nominal geometry parts. To well explain semantics of geometrical tolerances, a representation model of geometrical tolerances based on First Order Logic (FOL) is presented in this paper. We first investigate the classifications of feature variations and give the FOL representations of the...

This paper presents a Logic Programming approach to parsing and production in Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) [13]. It builds on previous work on the formalisation of FCG in terms of First Order Logic (FOL) concepts, more specifically on the definition of its core inference operations, unification and merge, in terms of FOL unification and search in the space of a particular set of FOL terms c...

First-order logic (FOL) is evidently insufficient for the many applications of logic in computer science, mainly due to its inability to provide inductive definitions. Therefore, only an extension of FOL which allows finitary inductive definitions can be used as a framework for automated reasoning. The minimal logic that is suitable for this goal is Ancestral Logic (AL), which is an extension o...

Manna and Pnueli have extensively shown how a mixture of firstorder logic (FOL) and discrete Linear time Temporal Logic (LTL) is sufficient to precisely state verification problems for the class of reactive systems. Theories in FOL model the (possibly infinite) data structures used by a reactive system while LTL specifies its (dynamic) behavior. In this paper, we give a decidability result for ...

As a versatile and valuable intermediate, furfuryl alcohol (FOL) is widely utilized in manufacturing vitamin C, perfume, fruit acid, lubricant, lysine, plasticizer, dispersing agent, resin, fuel additive, biofuel. This study aimed at the establishment of cascade catalysis biomass to FOL via hybrid approach deep eutectic solvent medium. The corn stover (75 g/L) with solid acid AT-Sn-WLS (1.2 wt%...

To develop a receptor-mediated intracellular delivery system that can transport therapeutic proteins or other bioactive macromolecules into a specific cell, a di-block copolymer conjugate, poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethylene glycol)-folate (PLL-PEG-FOL), was synthesized. The PLL-PEG-FOL conjugate was physically complexed with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) in an ...

This paper presents matching logic, a first-order logic (FOL) variant for specifying and reasoning about structure by means of patterns and pattern matching. Its sentences, the patterns, are constructed using variables, symbols, connectives and quantifiers, but no difference is made between function and predicate symbols. In models, a pattern evaluates into a power-set domain (the set of values...