A possible function for the alternative (nonphosphorylating) pathway is to stabilize the reduction state of the ubiquinone pool (Qr/Qt), thereby avoiding an increase in free radical production. If the Qr/Qt were stabilized by the alternative pathway, then Qr/Qt should be less stable when the alternative pathway is blocked. Qr/Qt increased when we exposed roots of Poa annua (L.) to increasing co...

A QR code is a two-dimensional barcode that encodes information. A standard QR code contains only regular black and white squares, and thus is unattractive. This paper proposes a novel framework for embellishing a standard QR code, to make it both attractive and recognizable by any human while maintaining its scanability. The proposed method is inspired by artistic methods. A QR code is typical...

MOTIVATION Perhaps the greatest challenge of modern biology is to develop accurate in silico models of cells. To do this we require computational formalisms for both simulation (how according to the model the state of the cell evolves over time) and identification (learning a model cell from observation of states). We propose the use of qualitative reasoning (QR) as a unified formalism for both...

Widely linear (WL) receivers are able to fulfill single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) of one rectilinear (R) or quasi-rectilinear (QR) co-channel interference (CCI), a function which is operational in GSM handsets in particular. However, SAIC requires enhancements for QR signals, for both VAMOS standard, an evolution of GSM/EDGE standard, and FBMC-OQAM networks, which are candidate f...

Qualitative Reasoning (QR) formalisms provide ontological primitives for capturing conceptual knowledge. Recently QR-based diagrammatic tools are being developed to support learners in creating concept maps as means to acquire such knowledge. However, QR formalisms are complex which hampers their usability. While other approaches address this by simplifying the formalism they use, we seek the s...

The development and application of QR code is quite advanced in Japan and Korea; in contrast, at the time when the QR code was introduced in Taiwan, lack of mobile phone support and the limited applications of QR code meant that it was not immediately popularized. In recent years, the growing popularity of smart phones has enhanced the various applications of QR code, not only providing the inf...

This paper explores the dependence of reliable decoding of grey toned QR codes on the technical characteristics of smartphone cameras marketed in the period between 2008 and 2012. The research consisted of taking a total of 12,150 QR code pictures with different grey tones, graphic patterns and error correction codes. This research answers the question whether today’s smartphones can decode suc...

Singularity problems of scatter matrices in Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are challenging and have obtained attention during the last decade. Linear Discriminant Analysis via QR decomposition (LDA/QR) and Direct Linear Discriminant analysis (DLDA) are two popular algorithms to solve the singularity problem. This paper establishes the equivalent relationship between LDA/QR and DLDA. They ca...

We present progress towards developing a qualitative reasoning model of sustainable development issues in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR), Romania, following a standardized methodology for conceptual description of QR case studies. Using the QR ontology, we have organized our expert knowledge about negative effects of water pollution on aquatic biota (especially on fish) and human hea...

QR codes, also known as matrix codes, are basically two dimensional barcodes embedded with data that can be decoded quickly for information. In this work, we present a novel use of QR codes. We show that QR codes can be used for covert communication using steganography. We also show in complete detail how to build QR code symbols with a hidden payload and how to extract this hidden information ...