We study elective surgery planning in flexible operating rooms (ORs) where emergency patients are accommodated the existing schedule. Specifically, surgeries can be scheduled weeks or months advance. In contrast, an arrives randomly and must performed on day of arrival. Probability distributions actual durations unknown, only a possibly small set historical realizations may available. To addres...

INTRODUCTION Diarrhea contributed for 17.6% of under-five deaths in Botswana. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) therapy has been the cornerstone in the control of morbidity and mortality secondary to diarrheal diseases. The study was aimed at assessing the household availability of ORS following the nationwide campaign of availing ORS at household level. METHODS A cross sectional community based st...

Odds ratios (ORs) are widely used in scientific research to demonstrate the associations between outcome variables and covariates (risk factors) of interest, and are often described in language suitable for risks or probabilities, but odds and probabilities are related, not equivalent. In situations where the outcome is not rare (e.g., obesity), ORs no longer approximate the relative risk ratio...

Background: The link between food insecurity and weight disorders of children or adolescents remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between food insecurity and weight disorders of children and adolescents in Iran. Methods: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID databases were searched up to August...

This study assessed whether an oral rehydration solution (ORS) in which glucose is replaced by L-glutamine (L-glutamine ORS) is more effective than the standard glucose-based rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO-ORS) in reducing the stool volume and time to rehydrate in acute diarrhoea. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a Mexican hospital, 147 d...

Rice-starch based oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been shown to be a suitable alternative to glucose-based ORS in the treatment of both choleragenic and non-choleragenic dehydration in older infants and children. However, in young infants, the wider use of rice-starch ORS has been impeded because of theoretical concern about the poor digestibility of starch. The present study was conducted ...

An anthropological study of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to child diarrhea and specifically to ORS was carried out in Bangladesh. The purpose of the study was to help design a culturally-sensitive social marketing program. Information was gathered on indigenous classification of diarrheas, patterns of therapy recourse and diarrhea management, and understanding of dehydration symp...

To compare the efficacy and safety of low osmolar oral rehydration salts solution (ORS-75) (mmol/L: Na+ 75, osmolarity 245) with that of World Health Organization-recommended ORS (ORS-90) (mmol/L: Na+ 90, osmolarity 311 ) in the treatment of acute watery diarrhoea in neonates and very young infants, a randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial was carried out at the Clinical Research an...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization's effective, inexpensive oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS) is used worldwide, but rarely by US practitioners because, in part, of concerns about parent satisfaction. OBJECTIVE To compare caretaker satisfaction with the WHO-ORS, a packet-based solution requiring preparation, with satisfaction with a commercially prepared oral rehydration solution (C-O...

BACKGROUND: A significant share (18%) of paediatric mortality is caused by diarrheal diseases. Children under the age five are most susceptible to viral diarrhoea. In cases acute watery diarrhoea, racecadotril, an anti-secretory medication, can limit fluid and electrolyte loss from intestine without compromising intestinal motility.
 OBJECTIVE: To compare number loose stools within first 4...