Service discovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is an essential process in order for these networks to be self-configurable with zero or minimal administrative overhead. Service discovery can be greatly enhanced in terms of efficiency (regarding service discoverability and energy consumption), by piggybacking service information into routing messages. Thus, service discovery does not generate addit...

This Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is gaining importance because of their flexibility, mobility and ability to work with a limited infrastructure. In multi-hop wireless network, proper utilization of battery power is very much necessary to maintain network connectivity.In order to overcome the network from inefficient routing problem, this paper presents different energy efficient routing prot...

Zero Reject Policy (ZRP) is a policy that strengthened and highlighted by the Ministry of Education (MoE). Through this policy, educational aspirations Special Students (SES) can be met achieved more comprehensively. The main objective study to look on readiness mainstream schools in line with policies implemented. This covered among teachers, OKU-friendly infrastructure preparation students. I...

To sustain the security services in a Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), applications terms of confidentially, authentication, integrity, authorization, key management, and abnormal behavior detection/anomaly detection are significant. The implementation sophisticated mechanism requires large number network resources that degrade performance. In addition, routing protocols designed for MANETs shou...

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a technology that bridges the gap between fixed and mobile access and offer the same subscriber experience for fixed and mobile user. Demand for such type of mobile broadband servicesaccess, which is further extended to support portability and mobility based on IEEE 802.16e, also known as Mobile WiMAX. However, frequent topology changes...

This paper proposed a routing protocol named adaptive Zone Routing Protocol (NSAZRP) that is more stable and has achieved better routing performance than ZRP in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks by taking into consideration that nodes are mobile with a non-uniform speed. NSAZRP allows different nodes to choose different zone radius according to each node’s discrete mobility. NSAZRP modifies the ZRP and sp...

Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic layered nanoplatelets exhibit superior lubricating properties in both solid states and oil dispersions. In this paper, we have systematically investigated the effects of surface and interlayer modifications on the tribological performance of layered α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoplatelets in mineral oil. The pristine layered ZrP nanoplatelets were first reacted ...

In recent years, a variety of unicast and multicast routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc wireless NETworks (MANETs) have been developed. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid unicast protocol that proactively maintains routing information for a local neighborhood (routing zone), while reactively acquiring routes to destinations beyond the routing zone. In this paper, we extend ZRP for appl...

The synthesis of a phosphonic-acid-functionalized porphyrin is presented and a procedure for the reproducible assembly of the porphyrins into thin films on glass or conductive glass surfaces is described. The assembly scheme, which utilizes established zirconium phosphonate (ZrP) chemistry, yields highly oriented films (normal to the surface) of well-defined thicknesses. In the lateral directio...

In this paper, Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) is used for Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) instead of Genetic Algorithm (GA). It is an evolutionary approach, and used when the network size grows and the search space increases. When the destination is outside the zone, EDA is applied to find the route with minimum cost and time. The implementation of propo...