modern scientific cosmology, having grounded itself in materialism, rebuts any theocentric explanation of the world as unnecessary and irrational. stephan hawking, being a prominent figure in this field, seeks to demonstrate that the world has come to existence by chance or necessity through an antitheistic argument based on big bang theory. regarding the metaphysical dimensions of the discours...

This paper contrasts materialism and theism in their ability to give a plausible account of mathematics. The ideal, abstract entities of mathematics do not fit readily within a materialist world. Truth, logic, and mathematics require the existence of universal norms. However, materialism has no place for abstract entities or universal norms. How can such ideal norms, inert in themselves, influe...

The fundamental belief in Sikhism is that God exists not merely as an idea or concept, but as a real entity. God is indescribable, yet knowable and perceivable to anyone who is prepared to dedicate the time and energy to become perceptive to His persona. The Gurus never spoke about proofs of the existence of God. For them, He is too real, and something obvious does not require any logical proof...

According to the Nomological Argument, observed regularities in nature are best explained by an appeal a supernatural being. A successful explanation must avoid two perils. Some explanations provide too little structure, predicting universe without regularities. Others much thereby precluding of certain types lawlike featured modern scientific theories. We argue that based creative, intentional...

According to the much-discussed argument from divine hiddenness, God’s existence is disconfirmed by the fact that not everyone believes in God. The argument has provoked an impressive range of theistic replies, but none has overcome – or, I suggest, could overcome – the challenge posed by the uneven distribution of theistic belief around the world, a phenomenon for which naturalistic explanatio...

problem of evil is something which is considered against existence of god or his attributes like being omnipotent and absolutely good. philosophers and theologians have tried to solve this problem by different ways. the solution which is accepted by muslim philosophers is the nothingness of evils. according to this opinion evils are not except nothing of essence or perfections of essence. in th...