the higher national council of medical sciences planning (hncmsp) in iran compile and approve educational programs by using expert academic staff, considering the country , s needs and studying the background of establishment of each major in other countries. since the employment of graduates in occupations related to their majors is of utmost importance in educational planning, this survey has...

when a jack-up installed at a clay location and then leaves; it can create several meter deep footprints. in case of soft clay, the spudcan may have actually penetrated much deeper than the observed footprints. when the penetrated spudcan is pulled out, much of the soft remolded clay will flow around it and go back into the hole. this event, leaving a deep region of disturbed soil. the disturbe...

in the healthcare context, whistleblowing has come to the fore of political, professional and public attention in the wake of major service scandals and mounting evidence of the routine threats to safety that patients face in their care. this paper offers a commentary and wider contextualisation of mannion and davies, ‘cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in hea...

background: the aim of this work was to study the output factors for linac using different ionization chambers and build up caps. materials and methods: output factors were measured for open square fields (3 × 3 cm to 40 × 40 cm) defined by collimator jaws for 6 and 15 mv photon beams from a varian clinac 2100c accelerator were measured. the measurements in air were performed using compact cyli...

background in islamic countries alcohol consumption is considered as against religious values. therefore, estimation of frequency of alcohol consumptions using direct methods is prone to different biases. in this study, we indirectly estimated the frequency of alcohol use in iran, in network of a representative sample using network scale up (nsu) method.   methods in a national survey, about 40...

osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease and there is a close relationship between the sympathetic nervous system (sns) and bone metabolism. leptin has been shown to regulate bone formation and bone resorption via the sns. however, the effect of sns on leptin signaling has not been clearly understood. in the present study, we studied the effect of propranolol on ovariectomy-induced osteoporo...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two irrigants on decreasing the pain and swelling at different times after treatment of necrotic pulp. materials and methods: fifty patients with single canal tooth and necrotic pulp were selected and divided into two groups, twenty-five in each. rotary files were used for preparing the canals and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate an...

background: prognosis of small intestine artesia, the most common agents causing intestinal obstruction in neonates, has improved in last decades. some variable such as weight change, type of feeding, post operation oral feeding starting time, and adequacy of energy and protein intake can change patients clinical outcomes. we performed a retrospective study to evaluate all neonates with small i...