Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) populations are of different ethnic origins. Consanguineous marriages are common practice with an overall incidence ranging between 20 and 50%. Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders caused by defects in the immune system that predisposes patients to recurrent infections, autoimmune diseases, and maligna...

[1] We present energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes measured by the medium energy neutral atom (MENA) imager onboard the IMAGE satellite for the geomagnetic storm of 21 October 2001 at energies of 6 and 12 keV. The fluxes indicate strong low altitude emissions close to the Earth and a nightside peak close to local midnight. The fluxes are compared with theoretical ENA fluxes calculated using the...

In this paper we explore the patterns of interactions between military expenditure shares in the MENA region over the period 1979-2007. We explore if there are latent common factors that impact on the military expenditures of 15 countries in the MENA region and whether these factors can be interpreted. Unobserved common factors induce cross-sectional dependence and may lead traditional panel-ti...

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region’s current challenges for political and economic transformation. This MENA Trends Report focuses on the following issues: youth unemployment, gender, education, economy, the financial system, and the rule of law. It examines ten Arab countries: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Syria, and Yemen. When comparisons ...

Human fertility has declined in all of the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries in the recent years, Iran had the largest decline, however. What factors have affected the fertility decline in Iran, and as compared with other MENA countries, is the question of this paper. Fertility, higher education, and other measures were used for comparison. Regression analysis was also carried out ...

For the first incumbent operator it is very important to understand how to react when the second operator comes to the market. In this paper which is prepared for preliminary study of GSM market in Iran, we have studied five MENA markets according to the similarity point of view. This paper aims at analyzing the impact of second entrants in selected markets on certain marketing key performance ...

BACKGROUND It is perceived that little is known about the epidemiology of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The primary objective of this study was to assess the status of the HIV epidemic among PWID in MENA by describing HIV prevalence and incidence. Secondary objectives were to describe the risk behavior environment and the HIV epid...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of social media in communication discourse in the Islamic Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Design/methodology/approach – By applying the theory of social networks and a method known as critical discourse analysis (CDA) this study investigates the role of social media in the recent waves of popular unrest in the MENA r...

OBJECTIVES The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is perceived to have limited HIV data. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterise the progress in HIV research in this region since the discovery of the epidemic. METHODS Four indices were defined and implemented to measure the progress of HIV research using the PubMed, Embase, MENA HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Synthesis P...

This paper starts from the premise that private sector development is of crucial importance to the future development of MENA countries. It demonstrates the relative importance of various institutional constraints, in general, and impediments to dispute resolution, in particular, in reducing the competitiveness of private firms in the MENA region through by increasing transaction costs. It desc...