This paper presents Centre-based clustering approaches for clustering Y-STR data. The main goal is to investigate and observe the performance of the fundamental clustering approaches when partitioning Y-STR data. Two fundamental Centre-based hard clustering approaches, k-Means and k-Modes algorithms, and two fundamental Centre-based soft clustering approaches, fuzzy k-Means and fuzzy k-Modes al...

❆❜str❛❝t ✕ ❆ss❡ss✐♥❣ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ q✉❛❧✐t2 ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ✭s✉❝❤ ❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✱ r❡❧✐❛❜✐❧✐t2✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❝✉r✐t2✮ ❢r♦♠ s♦✉r❝❡ ❝♦❞❡ ✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✉t♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ s2st❡♠ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡❞ ❜2 ✐ts ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ❛✐♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ s♣❡❡❞ ✉♣ ❜2 ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❛1✐♠✉♠ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝2 ✐♥ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s❡❣♠❡♥ts✳ ■t ✐s ❛...

❆❜str❛❝t ✕ ❆ss❡ss✐♥❣ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ q✉❛❧✐t2 ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ✭s✉❝❤ ❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✱ r❡❧✐❛❜✐❧✐t2✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❝✉r✐t2✮ ❢r♦♠ s♦✉r❝❡ ❝♦❞❡ ✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✉t♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ s2st❡♠ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡❞ ❜2 ✐ts ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ❛✐♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ s♣❡❡❞ ✉♣ ❜2 ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❛1✐♠✉♠ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝2 ✐♥ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s❡❣♠❡♥ts✳ ■t ✐s ❛...

❆❜str❛❝t ✕ ❆ss❡ss✐♥❣ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ q✉❛❧✐t2 ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ✭s✉❝❤ ❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✱ r❡❧✐❛❜✐❧✐t2✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❝✉r✐t2✮ ❢r♦♠ s♦✉r❝❡ ❝♦❞❡ ✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✉t♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ s2st❡♠ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡❞ ❜2 ✐ts ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ❛✐♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ s♣❡❡❞ ✉♣ ❜2 ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❛1✐♠✉♠ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝2 ✐♥ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s❡❣♠❡♥ts✳ ■t ✐s ❛...

❆❜str❛❝t ✕ ❆ss❡ss✐♥❣ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ q✉❛❧✐t2 ❛ttr✐❜✉t❡s ✭s✉❝❤ ❛s ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✱ r❡❧✐❛❜✐❧✐t2✱ ❛♥❞ s❡❝✉r✐t2✮ ❢r♦♠ s♦✉r❝❡ ❝♦❞❡ ✐s ♦❢ t❤❡ ✉t♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡✳ ❚❤❡ ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❛ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ s2st❡♠ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✐♠♣r♦✈❡❞ ❜2 ✐ts ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ❛✐♠ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛❧❧❡❧ ❛♥❞ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✐s t♦ s♣❡❡❞ ✉♣ ❜2 ♣r♦✈✐❞✐♥❣ t❤❡ ♠❛1✐♠✉♠ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝2 ✐♥ ❡1❡❝✉t✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡❞ s❡❣♠❡♥ts✳ ■t ✐s ❛...

Microsatellites are multi-allelic and composed of short tandem repeats (STRs) with individual motifs composed of mononucleotides, dinucleotides or higher including hexamers. Next-generation sequencing approaches and other STR assays rely on a limited number of PCR amplicons, typically in the tens. Here, we demonstrate STR-Seq, a next-generation sequencing technology that analyses over 2,000 STR...

Two new species of the cyrtoscydmine ant-like stone beetle genus Syndicus are described: S. (s. str.) birmanicus sp. n. (from Myanmar) and S. (Semisyndicus) chiangmaianus sp. n. (from Thailand). A previously unknown male of S. (s. str.) puncticollis Jałoszyński is described, and for the first time the spermatheca of S. (Semisyndicus) sumatrensis Schaufuss is illustrated. Syndicus puncticollis, ...

Stromelysin-3 (STR-3) is a recently characterized matrix metalloproteinase i MMI'i that was cloned on the basis of differential expression in benign and malignant breast tumors. This M Ml' has a unique processing mechanism and substrate specificity. Unlike previously characterized MMi's that are secreted as inactive zymogens, STR-3 is processed within the constitutive secretory pathway and secr...

BACKGROUND Since 2004, treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease, or Buruli ulcer, has shifted from surgery to daily treatment with streptomycin (STR) + rifampin (RIF) for 8 weeks. For shortening treatment duration, we tested the potential of daily rifapentine (RPT), a long-acting rifamycin derivative, as a substitute for RIF. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS BALB/c mice were infected with M....

1Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University, Plovdiv Vasil Aprilov 15-A Str., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria 2University Hospital “St. George” Plovdiv, 66 Peshtersko Shuse Str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria 3Psychiatric ward for active treatment of men, State Phsychiatry Hospital Pazardzhik, 28 Bolnichna Str. 4400 Pazardzhik, Bulgaria 4Department of Plant Phisyology and Molecular Biolo...